Hyperthermia of Liver
Leopold J. Anghileri, Jacques Robert in Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment, 2019
The effect of palmitate on hepatic nitrogen metabolism in the presence or absence of supplemental amino acids was studied in the perfused rat liver at 37 and 42°C.74 In addition, Intralipid®, a clinically employed lipid emulsion, was also evaluated. Endogenous ureogenesis was not effected by added palmitate or lipid emulsion at 37°C, but significantly increased at 42°C in control and palmitate-supplemented liver perfusions. No change in ureogenesis occurred in the presence of the lipid emulsion at either temperature.74 Addition of amino acids to the perfusate stimulated urea formation sevenfold over controls at 37°C,74 but hyperthermia significantly suppressed this increase in ureogenesis to a twofold increase over controls. At 42°C, ureogenesis from amino acids was not increased by either palmitate or the lipid emulsion.72
Local Anaesthetic Toxicity
Kate McCombe, Lara Wijayasiri, Paul Hatton, David Bogod in The Primary FRCA Structured Oral Examination Study Guide 2, 2017
Approximate doses for a 70 kg patient are given in italics:Administer an intravenous bolus of Intralipid® 20% (1.5 mL/kg) over 1 min (100 mL bolus).Continue CPR.Start an infusion of Intralipid® 20% at 0.25 mL/kg/min (400 mL over 20 min).Repeat the bolus injection (100 mL) of Intralipid® 20% twice at 5 min intervals if an adequate circulation has not been restored.After another 5 min, increase the rate of infusion to 0.5 mL/kg/min if an adequate circulation has not been restored (400 mL over 10 min).Continue infusion until a stable and adequate circulation has been restored.
Emergency drugs
Daniel Cottle, Shondipon Laha, Peter Nightingale in Anaesthetics for Junior Doctors and Allied Professionals, 2018
Intralipid is given in cases of local anaesthetic toxicity to reduce the harmful cardiovascular effects. It comes as a pre-prepared 20% solution and is given as an initial bolus dose, which is repeated at 5-minute intervals, as well as a simultaneous infusion.The initial bolus dose is 1.5 mg/kg over 1 minute with a simultaneous infusion started at 15 mL/kg/hour (1000 mL/hour for a 70 kg patient).The bolus doses can be repeated at 5-minute intervals to a maximum of three boluses.The infusion rate can also be doubled to 30 mL/kg/hour (2000 mL/hour for a 70 kg patient) after 5 minutes if there is no cardiovascular improvement. The infusion is continued until there is improvement or a total dose of 12 mL/kg has been given (e.g. 840 mL total dose for a 70 kg patient).
Use of Ag-Au-ICG to increase fluorescence image of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Pattarapol Sittisart, Kitsakorn Locharoenrat
In this study, Au-core, Ag-shell nanorods serving as ICG nanocarrier were proposed as an alternative to the traditional ICG staining and was meant to reduce the ICG dose, which might cause some unwanted side effects, such as allergic reactions [15]. The Au-core, Ag-shell nanorods were selected because they showed tuneable fluorescence signals under near-infrared light as compared with Ag alone and Au alone of similar sizes [16,17]. Aggregation of positively charged core-shell nanostructures on the negatively charged cellular surface yielded strong fluorescence emission. Thus, our compound could potentially be used as a bioimaging agent. Intralipid was widely used as an optical model for mimicking living tissue scattering properties. Intralipid was here as well as it is an FDA approved fat emulsion used nutritional supplement for patients undergoing cancer treatment [18]. Pre-treatment with Intralipid with chemo drugs increased the tumour cytotoxicity and reduced the off-target toxicity, which further led to a reduction of chemotherapeutic drug dosage. In our study, we showed that the Ag-Au-ICG complex utilised in the near-infrared window is less affected by photon absorption and scattering effects; thus, improving fluorescence contrast imaging of cancer cell lines. The microenvironment interaction mechanism underlying the Ag-Au-ICG tested in cancer cell lines would provide a clear picture of their safety (early detection and diagnosis) and cytotoxicity. Following proper preparation, bioimaging might enable a clear visualisation of tumour organoids and tissues in the next step.
A tissue-mimicking prostate phantom for 980 nm laser interstitial thermal therapy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
R. Geoghegan, A. Santamaria, A. Priester, L. Zhang, H. Wu, W. Grundfest, L. Marks, S. Natarajan
Polyacrylamide gel was chosen as the base material for the phantom due to its high melting point, optical transparency, and appropriate thermal properties [18]. The gel was prepared by mixing Acrylamide/bis-acrylamide (19:1 40% w/v, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., CA, AM9024) with degassed deionized water. The solution was then doped with various ingredients to change the phantom optical properties. At 980 nm, the primary absorbers in tissue are water molecules, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin. As polyacrylamide contains a large quantity of water, the 26]. Intralipid is a solution of soybean oil (20%), egg yolk phospholipids (1.2%), glycerin (2.25%) and water (76.55%). Phospholipid micelles from the soybean oil scatter light; thus, 27]. Finally, BSA (30.8% w/v, Boval Co., TX, CF-0020) was used to ensure an increase in
Liposome supported peritoneal dialysis in rat amitriptyline exposure with and without intravenous lipid emulsion
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2019
Robin Chapman, Martyn Harvey, Paul Davies, Zimei Wu, Grant Cave
Animals were randomized to one of three treatment groups using a random number generator.Group A: Negative control (five subjects). Intravenous antidote-Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) standard therapy (1 mEq/Kg of 150 mmol/L NaHCO3). Intraperitoneal dialysate - standard peritoneal dialysate (20 ml of a solution containing 150 mmol/L Na+, 120 mmol/l Cl−, 30 mmol/l HCO3, and 1.25% glucose). The concentration of glucose was chosen based on that most likely to maintain constant volume of dialysate in the peritoneal cavity.Group B: Positive control (five subjects). Intravenous antidote - NaHCO3 standard therapy(1 mEq/Kg of 150 mmol/L NaHCO3). Intraperitoneal dialysate - liposome supported peritoneal dialysate (50 mg lipid load in standard peritoneal dialysate).Group C: Treatment arm (six subjects). Intravenous antidote - Intravenous lipid emulsion(6.2 ml/kg of 20% Intralipid®). Intraperitoneal dialysate - Liposome supported peritoneal dialysate (50 mg lipid load in standard peritoneal dialysate).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Emulsion
- Glycerol
- Linoleic Acid
- Parenteral Nutrition
- Phospholipid
- Soybean Oil
- Fat
- Egg
- Α-Linolenic Acid
- Omega-3 Fatty Acid