Methodologies
Pamela Mason, Tim Lang in Sustainable Diets, 2017
There are indicators and methods of measurement available for the domains of a sustainable diet identified in the SDC report. An ‘indicator’ is generally a quantitative measure that can be used to illustrate or communicate about complex phenomena such as, for instance, trends over time. Ideally, and to communicate effectively, indicators of sustainable diet should be: measurable and easy to apply;relevant to the objectives and attributes of interest;robust in terms of errors and be subject to minimal uncertainty;accepted by actors and stakeholders;credible for experts and interpretable without ambiguity;sensitive/responsive to changes over time in physical conditions;hierarchical (providing a clear overview, but amenable to expansion into detail or at finer scales);able to promote learning and provide effective feedback to decision-making.
Mental Health Statistics
M. Venkataswamy Reddy in Statistical Methods in Psychiatry Research and SPSS, 2019
The out-patients service indicators are common for all mental health delivery systems irrespective of whether in-patients service is available or not. These indicators refer to a particular time period usually 1 year, and the data collected are subjected to case-series analysis. The out-patients population forms two sub-populations: newly registered patients and the follow-up patients. The important indicators are Number of new registrations (year)Age distributionSex distributionDiagnostic distributionRate of follow-up attendance
Clinical Trial Design and Concepts Specific for Biologic Agents in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases
Thomas F. Kresina in Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines, and Arthritis, 2020
There are several strong candidates for “standard” leading indicators (Fig. 5). A variety of validated functional measurements may be useful, particularly for measuring response in early disease. The Modified Health Assessment Questionaire (MHAQ) may be a leading indicator in patients with chronic disease once significant functional impacts upon lifestyle have already occurred. The visual analog pain scale is a well validated sensitive indicator and is remarkably easy to use unless you are working with a foreign speaking patient population. The newer magnetic resonance imaging techniques (MRI) may be the best candidates for a leading indicator in early trials as they can sensitively define synovial proliferation. However, procedures are extremely expensive and require further validation.
Prioritization of rehabilitation Domains for establishing spinal cord injury high performance indicators using a modification of the Hanlon method: SCI-High Project
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
S. Mohammad Alavinia, Sander L. Hitzig, Farnoosh Farahani, Heather Flett, Mark Bayley, B. Catharine Craven
Indicators are explicitly defined as measurable elements of practice performance for which there is evidence or consensus support.17 Indicators of quality care can be categorized as either structure, process or outcome indicators.18,19Structure indicators are defined by the properties of the setting in which the health care occurs.18Process indicators describe what is actually done in giving and receiving SCI-Care, while an outcome indicator reflects the patient’s mortality, morbidity, health status, health-related quality of life or satisfaction within their overall SCI-Care.19 The current lack of comprehensive quality SCI-Care indicators for the SCI/D population results from a failure to prioritize measurement of the elements which are most important to advance quality care and reduce the gaps between current knowledge and practice implementation.17
AMEE Consensus Statement: Planetary health and education for sustainable healthcare
Published in Medical Teacher, 2021
Emily Shaw, Sarah Walpole, Michelle McLean, Carmen Alvarez-Nieto, Stefi Barna, Kate Bazin, Georgia Behrens, Hannah Chase, Brett Duane, Omnia El Omrani, Marie Elf, Carlos A. Faerron Guzmán, Enrique Falceto de Barros, Trevor J. Gibbs, Jonny Groome, Finola Hackett, Jeni Harden, Eleanor J. Hothersall, Maca Hourihane, Norma May Huss, Moses Ikiugu, Easter Joury, Kathleen Leedham-Green, Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders, Diana Lynne Madden, Judy McKimm, Patricia Nayna Schwerdtle, Margot W. Parkes, Sarah Peters, Nicole Redvers, Perry Sheffield, Judith Singleton, SanYuMay Tun, Robert Woollard
Few targets and indicators for the inclusion of education for sustainable healthcare exist (Madden et al. 2020). Three SDGs include a target and a linked indicator relevant to education for sustainability (Box 1). An international medical student initiative has recently produced a set of indicators to assess the progress of medical schools in incorporating planetary health (https://phreportcard.org/our-metrics/). Other examples of indicators address only one aspect (e.g., climate change) of many environmental changes that impact health and well-being. For example, in Australia, the MJA Lancet Countdown recently added a new indicator to monitor The inclusion of health and climate change in medical curricula (Beggs et al. 2019). Annual reporting will commence in 2021.
Ethics Consultation Services as a Resource and its Implications for Evaluation Activities
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2022
Narcyz Ghinea, Linda Sheahan, Ian Kerridge
Effective evaluation of any activity requires, first, that we understand what its objectives are, and second, that we can define and measure these objectives. For instance, a publicly listed company is expected to increase shareholder value, and evaluations of performance should correlate with this goal. Depending on the nature of a business, key performance indicators could include revenue growth, revenue per client, profit margin, and so forth. In the clinical context also, some objectives are clear and quantifiable. Mortality rates, complication rates, period of ICU stay, hospital readmission rates, service utilization and cost per-patient, per-treatment or per-QALY, among other factors, provide a workable, albeit incomplete, picture of performance that can be used for the evaluation of some clinical interventions.
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