Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Wild Plants, 2020
Eighty percent of the dry weight of skin is considered to be collagen and is responsible for the tensile strength of the skin. Collagenases are a type of metalloproteinase that can cleave molecules in the extracellular matrix. Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix that contains elastin. Elastin provides much of the elastic recoil properties of skin, arteries, lungs, and ligaments. Loss of elastin is a major part of what causes visible signs of aging in the skin. Hyaluronic acid has a role in retaining the moisture, structure, and elasticity of the skin while facilitating rapid tissue proliferation, regeneration, and repair. The levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid would decrease with aging, and this could lead to a loss of strength and flexibility in the skin, causing the emergence of wrinkles (Ndlovu et al. 2013). Moreover, the high levels of ROS induce the action of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase, which can further contribute to skin aging (Labat-Robert et al. 2000, Ndlovu et al. 2013). However, natural materials with anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase properties can help to prevent the undesirable age-associated destruction of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid (Thring et al. 2009, Ndlovu et al. 2013).
Medical-Aesthetic Treatments in the Survivor Patient
Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto in Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
These side effects remain for some time after oncological treatment has finished or do not disappear at all. Treatments for this might include the following: Hyaluronic acid for hydration.Mesotherapy (vitamins/homeopathy): It must be confirmed that no component in these could interfere with the pharmacokinetics of the oncological medicines, in the event that the patient—even if in disease remission—had to continue to take them.Carboxytherapy: This treatment restores microcirculation and helps collagen formation [3]; it is used safely in the treatment of digestive pathologies [4].Superficial/medium peelings: These should start with the least irritating.Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): There is no evidence that the use of growth factors could constitute a danger for neoplastic growth or tumor progression or metastatic spread in patients with previously diagnosed malignant oncologic process [5]; certainly, it has been used in mammary reconstruction after conservative surgery for mammary cancer [6].
Cosmetic Facial Interventions
R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne in Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Fillers represent products that are inserted into different skin layers to improve angles, lines, folds, scars and flaccidity. The idea is to replace an original volume lost by the aging process or to create volume. Fillers can be temporary or permanent. Although hyaluronic acid is safe, it binds up to one thousand times its weight in water forming a viscous quality similar to ‘jelly’ that causes an overinflated look. The newer generation biodegradable polycaprolactone-based collagen stimulators restore volume and redefine contours in a more natural way. Severe but rare complications of fillers include undesired aesthetic result, skin necrosis and blindness (which is a surgical emergency). These should be mentioned in the consenting process. Generally, we recommend avoiding the use of permanent fillers, which have additional complications of long-term damage, inflammation, infection and extrusion.
Targeted treatment for osteoarthritis: drugs and delivery system
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Liwei Mao, Wei Wu, Miao Wang, Jianmin Guo, Hui Li, Shihua Zhang, Jiake Xu, Jun Zou
Another class of commonly used drugs is referred to as cartilage protectors including glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate products. Although some studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of chondroitin and glucosamine in OA treatment, thus alleviating clinical symptoms and delaying disease progression, the effect is only better than that of a placebo, lacking favorable evidence and relevancy (Bruyère et al., 2014; Sharma, 2021). Hyaluronic acid is a high-molecular-weight GAG in synovial fluid and cartilage which is widely used as a viscous supplement to lubricate joints and absorb impact. A large number of meta-analysis results showed that the clinical efficacy and outcome correlation of hyaluronic acid was not explicit, and the new treatment guidelines no longer recommend hyaluronic acid for OA treatment (Rutjes et al., 2012; McAlindon et al., 2014).
Peyronie’s disease – outcomes of collagenase clostridium histolyticum injection: A systematic review
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Austin T. Mefford, Omer Raheem, Faysal A. Yafi, Laith M. Alzweri
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan that is used in certain conditions to reduce swelling and cytokine-mediated inflammation. The use of HA in PD is still novel and requires more investigation; however, preliminary studies have shown IL HA to reduce plaque size, lessen penile curvature, and increase sexual function in men with PD [26]. In a study where HA was compared to IL verapamil, the HA group showed a significant decrease in penile curvature (mean [SD] 4.6 [5.63]°) compared to baseline whereas verapamil did not; furthermore, men in the HA group reported a higher degree of sexual performance compared to baseline [27]. In one of the most recent studies in the literature of all IL therapies, a study determined that men who received CCh and INF alpha-2b injections showed a greater decrease in mean curvature when compared to verapamil and HA [28]. However, in the same study, they concluded that HA was most efficient in restoring erectile function when compared to other IL therapies [28].
Joint lavage followed by intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid and/or corticosteroids in patients with severe hemophilic arthropathy of the knee: Is this intervention really effective?
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2018
E. Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, Leonard A. Valentino
We think that intraarticular injections of corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and joint lavage will not be used systematically in hemophilia patients in the 5 years to come because their benefits are not clear and the more widespread use of prophylactic therapy with more appropriate regimens of factor replacement and improvements in adherence with the introduction of extended half-life products will reduce the frequency and severity of joint disease among those patients with severe hemophilia. In addition, drugs with novel mechanisms of action and gene therapy may eventually prevent the development of joint disease all together. The injections of hyaluronic acid have some scientific rationale, although their benefits are demonstrated only in the short-term. Corticosteroids injections and joint lavage have not proved efficacious and therefore the scientific rationale for their use is poor.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cell Proliferation
- Epithelium
- Glycosaminoglycan
- Golgi Apparatus
- Nervous Tissue
- Sulfation
- Connective Tissue
- Cell Membrane
- Extracellular Matrix
- Conjugate