Medical Management of Chemical Warfare Agents
Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry in Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Use the “buddy system” for ambulatory decontamination. One individual will wash the other, and then, they switch places. Ideally, one individual would stand with arms extended at about a 45 degree angle from the side, with legs separated like an upside-down letter “V.” This would allow easier access to points frequently missed during decontamination. These areas include the scalp/hair, behind the ears, inside the ear canal, the nostrils, the axilla (arm pit), the navel (bellybutton), the groin, between buttock checks, under fingernails, backs of the knees, between toes, and under toenails (New Jersey State Police, 2003). At the end of the ambulatory decontamination process, provide towels for drying off as well as clean skin coverings (clothing). Black-colored plastic trash bags work well for this, as (a) black absorbs heat best of all colors, (b) plastic has excellent heat retention properties, (c) they are readily available and inexpensive, and (d) they provide for patient modesty. Furthermore, in cold weather situations, shelter from the external environment will prevent further heat loss.
Assumptions Underlying Two Hypotheses of Hot Flash Initiation and Evidence Pertaining to Their Validity
Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods in Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
Additionally, the setpoint hypothesis offers no rationale for the observed relationship between hot flash occurrence and thermal events. The heat retention hypothesis, H2, is consistent with the many reports of the relationship of hot flash number and severity to ambient temperature and humidity, to activity and tension level, to ingestion of alcohol and hot drinks, to reduced convection as when under covers at night, to nearness to hot stoves or ovens, and so on. Germaine and Freedman (1984) ensured that their subjects produced a flash by the application of heat to the abdomen. Kronenberg and Barnard (1990) have controlled ambient temperature and showed that number and severity of flashes increase when ambient temperature is increased. Women with hot flashes consider themselves to have a heat loss problem, and they respond by reducing household temperature when possible and dressing in natural fibers and loose, layered clothing that permits greater heat loss (Voda, 1981).
Human Perspiration and Cutaneous Circulation
Flavia Meyer, Zbigniew Szygula, Boguslaw Wilk in Fluid Balance, Hydration, and Athletic Performance, 2016
Disease and injury can also lead to impairments in thermoregulation which can impact the quality of life by limiting the ability to tolerate physical activity as well as bringing about additional risk for heat-related illness. These impairments are magnified when physical activity is performed under extreme environmental conditions (high ambient temperature and high relative humidity). Disease and injury can affect the neural control of thermoregulation as well as the physical disruption of heat-dissipating structures in the skin (i.e., cutaneous blood vessels and sweat glands). Understanding the physiological and physical characteristics of thermoregulatory dysfunction in disease and injury has led to the development of interventions and strategies that enable individuals with disease or injury to not only perform routine activities of daily living but also reap the benefits of exercise.
Assessment of acute aerobic exercise in the morning versus evening on asprosin, spexin, lipocalin-2, and insulin level in overweight/obese versus normal weight adult men
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Halil İbrahim Ceylan, Özcan Saygın, Ümmühani Özel Türkcü
Before starting the exercise, periphial and core temperature tend to rise due to increase of cathecholamine levels. Along with muscular activation, there is a heat production of around 1°C every 5 min during aerobic exercise. Then, thermoregulation sweat mechanisms are activated try to create heat regulation by increasing fluid loss. (Tucker 2008). We found a significant increase in body temperature after morning and evening aerobic exercise in both BMI groups (Table 6, 7). Miller et al. (2020) stated that core body temperature increased by about 0.4°C after aerobic exercise between 20:45 and 21:00 h in healthy males. Another study indicated that core body temperature increased by 0.6°C after vigorous intensity treadmill walking exercise (Sandroff et al. 2016). Compared to the NW group, the body temperature in the OW/OO group showed significantly greater increase after the evening exercise. The body temperature of the NW group increased by 0.46°C, while that of the OW/OO group rose by 0.56 after evening exercise (Table 7). Eijsvogels et al. (2011) stated that the heat responses to the exercise showed a parallel course with the body mass index. As body mass increased, core temperature also increased more in exercise. Our study results support this.
The Efficacy of Warm Compresses in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Demodex Folliculorum Blepharitis
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Orla Murphy, Veronica O’ Dwyer, Aoife Lloyd-Mckernan
Traditionally, home based warm compresses were carried out using a warm face cloth.29,35 However, this method has its limitations, including poor heat retention,36 and inconvenience leading to reduced compliance.29 Over the years, more patient-friendly warm compresses have become available, such as the MGDRx EyeBag® (The EyeBag® Company, Halifax, UK) and the OPTASETM Moist Heat Mask (Scope Ophthalmics Ltd., Dublin, Ireland). While both warm compresses are principally very similar; they are heated in a microwave, and a single heating is required to provide 10 minutes of therapy; there are fundamental differences between them. The OPTASETM Moist Heat Mask contains HydroBeadTM Technology, which absorbs moisture from the air, and when heated, releases it to provide a moist heat. The moist heat therapy helps to soften eyelash debris in patients with anterior blepharitis, and restores moisture to the eye and surrounding area, in conjunction with improving meibum flow, tear film quality and reduced tear film evaporation. By contrast, the MGDRx EyeBag® is filled with flax seed and provides a dry heat when applied to the eyelids. Manufacturers recommend it for relief of, including but not limited to; MGD, blepharitis, dry eye syndrome, and rosacea. Their efficacy in the treatment of Demodex blepharitis has not previously been investigated.
Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models
Published in Temperature, 2018
Marcel Schweiker, Gesche M. Huebner, Boris R. M. Kingma, Rick Kramer, Hannah Pallubinsky
Next, the increased mortality associated with thermal extremes occurs primarily in the elderly, who are less able to compensate temperature rises and fluctuations [56], and are (therefore) more vulnerable [154], meaning that negative health consequences due to climatic changes might be exacerbated in this population. Hence, the conservative challenge is to maintain thermal comfort for the elderly, as to minimize their cardiovascular burden that is associated with thermoregulation in hot and cold environments. Noteworthy, in contrast to the conservative challenge, current progressive studies are examining whether “thermal training”, by repeatedly exposing people to thermally both uncomfortable warm and cold conditions, can actually make people more resilient to thermal challenges, especially those who are at risk for negative health consequences.
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