Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
L.D. Kapoor in Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Morphological characteristics—Cardamom is a perennial with thick, fleshy rhizomes and leafy stem 4 to 8 ft in height, with a long, branched inflorescence which arises near the ground. The stem of E. cardamom is 7 to 8 ft high, the lower part covered with spongy sheaths. Leaves almost sessile, 15 to 30 in. long, 3 in. wide, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers in 15- to 30-in.-long panicles; bracts persistent, up to 2 in. long. Calyx about 1 in. long; corolla lip white, streaked with violet; capsules oblong, about an inch long, having fine vertical ribs. Rootstock branching, woody or fleshy. Testa with outer epidermis of thick-walled, narrow, elongated cells; below the epidermis a layer of collapsed parenchyma, followed by a single layer, becoming two or three layers in the region of the raphe, composed of large, thin-walled cells and an inner epidermis of thin-walled flattened cells. Inner integument of two layers of cells, and outer layer of palisade sclerenchyma with yellowish to reddish-brown beaker-shaped cells. Strongly thickened on the inner and anticlinal walls, each cell with a small bowl-shaped lumen containing a warty nodule of silica and an inner epidermis of flattened cells. Perisperm of thin-walled cells packed with minute, rounded, polyhedral starch grains containing in a small cavity. Endosperm of thin-walled parenchyma containing protein as a granular hyaline mass in each cell. Embryo of small thin-walled cells containing aleurone grains. Starch absent from endosperm and embryo. Sclerenchyma and large vessels present in the pericarp.
Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.: A REVIEW OF ITS ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE
V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina in Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaves, stems, and roots of H. suaveolens were studied by Pachkore and Dhale (2011) which showed the presence of glandular and nonglandular trichomes. Reports on the anatomy of the lamina of H. suaveolens have shown that epidermal cells are circular to oval shaped with thin cuticle and scandy content whereas, palisade cells are irregular in shape with large intercellular spaces (Jelani and Prabhakar, 1991). Glandular and nonglandular trichomes have been reported by Metcalfe and Chalk (1950) and Rudal (1980). However, studies by Jelani and Prabhakar (1991) showed four types of trichomes in H. suaveolens.
Food Allergy
Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial in Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Single-food OIT trials on milk, eggs and peanuts are the most common. It is important to consider that these trials varied in maintenance doses. Meglio et al. in the earliest milk OIT study, demonstrated that 71% of subjects with a positive baseline double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge tolerated a daily dosage of 200 mL of cow’s milk following a 6 month desensitization protocol (Meglio et al. 2004). Other studies have also demonstrated that the majority of subjects (67–100%) were able to complete protocol and consume the goal milk dosage daily (Keet et al. 2012, Martorell et al. 2011, Pajno et al. 2010, Salmivesi, et al. 2013, Skripak et al. 2008). Egg and peanut OIT trials have also demonstrated that desensitization can be accomplished among the majority of subjects, approximately 56–100% for eggs (Burks et al. 2012, García Rodríguez et al. 2011, Itoh et al. 2010, Jones et al. 2016, Pérez-Rangel et al. 2017, Vickery et al. 2010) and 62–93% for peanuts (Blumchen et al. 2010, Jones et al. 2009, Anagnostou et al. 2014). Other studies have examined wheat OIT and it also appears to lead to successful desensitization, although these studies were not placebo controlled and some did not have a post-treatment challenge (Kulmala et al. 2018, Pacharn et al. 2014, Rodríguez del Río et al. 2014). While to date OIT has been mostly administered in the private practice setting or via clinical trials of experimental therapies, FDA-approved immunotherapies may be on the horizon, given the completion of phase 3 trials of AR101 (The PALISADE Group of Clinical Investigators 2018) (proposed trade name PALFORZIA™), and recent vote from the FDA Allergenic Products Advisory Committee who found the efficacy and safety data to support its use in peanut allergy OIT.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) allergen powder-dnfp for the mitigation of allergic reactions to peanuts in children and adolescents
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Thomas B. Casale, Anne-Marie Irani
The ARC004, Phase III PALISADE extension study also assessed quality of life in the two cohorts of subjects receiving daily PTAH. Total and domain FAQLQs showed a consistent improvement from PALISADE screening to ARC004 exit, and clinically meaningful improvements generally rose with increased treatment duration [80], suggesting a potential link between increased desensitization as determined by the DBPCFC and improved quality of life. Self-reported FAIM scores tended to improve or show no change from PALISADE screening; among teenagers or their caregivers, the greatest improvements were seen in the domains for ‘likelihood of having a severe reaction’ and ‘chance of dying from accidental exposure.’ The greatest percentage of both 8–12 and 13–17-year-old age groups reported clinically meaningful improvements in the ‘likelihood of having a severe reaction’ and ‘chance of dying from accidental exposure’ domains [80].
Immunotherapy approaches for peanut allergy
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2020
Edwin H. Kim, Chirag Patel, A. Wesley Burks
Food immunotherapy has been prominently in the public eye with products rapidly approaching US FDA review. Peanut OIT has advanced the furthest and with the positive PALISADE study, appears positioned to be the first approved treatment for peanut allergy. There has been little question about the ability of peanut OIT to desensitize peanut-allergic patients with early single-center studies suggested reaction thresholds in the thousands of mg [18,26]. The PALISADE study, while not as dramatic, still showed tolerance over 1000 mg of peanut protein in almost 70% of the subjects [33]. With the median amount of peanut estimated to cause a reaction thought to be 100 mg or less [43], peanut OIT would be expected to provide a significant cushion of protection against accidental ingestions. What has been less clear about peanut OIT has been the safety and tolerability of the treatment. The PACE study [35] brought to light what might be expected, that eating what one is allergic to is likely to cause side effects. It has been argued that symptoms that are expected and prepared for are more acceptable compared to the never-ending concern and unpredictability of an accidental ingestion. Interestingly, the PACE study did not demonstrate the improvement in the quality of life that might be expected if families felt less scared and more in control.
Clinical and economic evaluation of minimally invasive cartilaginous palisade myringoplasty
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Guillaume Michel, Florent Espitalier, Julie Boyer, Olivier Malard, Phillipe Bordure
Uzun et al. compared grafts of cartilage palisades and fascia [8]. They demonstrated a greater audiometric gain in the palisade group (11.5 dB) compared to the fascia group (4.9 dB). Another study demonstrated no significant difference between these two techniques at 10 years of follow-up [7], with a mean audiometric threshold of 12.2 dB after palisade myringoplasty and 13.5 dB after myringoplasty with fascia. Cartilage palisades, connecting the ear drum to the promontory, does not affect hearing: it may be explained by the fact that palisades are no longer visible on the CT scan at six months post-operative (17%) or are not connected to the ear drum anymore (36,5%).
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