Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1
Jason Kelley in Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
In that MIP-1α and MIP-1β are capable of mediating certain inflammatory processes, they can be considered ideal candidates for participation in normal wound healing. An experimental model of sterile wound repair, in which wound chambers were implanted subcutaneously in mice to allow for the recovery of wound fluid and recruited cells throughout the early phases of wound healing, was used to assess the degree of MIP-1 involvement. Messages for both MIP-1α and MIP-1β were expressed by a mixed population of wound inflammatory cells, and the mature proteins were detected in wound fluids as well (Fahey et al., 1990). Fibroblasts are known to play a critical role in a variety of inflammatory processes, including wound healing. Treatment of primary fibroblasts, isolated directly from wound sites and subcultured in vitro, with native doublet MIP 1, or recombinant MIP-1α, led to the induction of message for cachectin/TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 and release of the corresponding bioactive cytokines into the culture supernatant (Fahey and Sherry, unpublished observation). The effects of MIP-1 of wound-derived fibroblasts did not appear to extend to fibroblasts isolated from other sources (e.g., 3T3-L1, FS4, primary skin fibroblasts).
Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Mammalian Skin
David W. Hobson in Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
One of the most important and most numerous cells in the dermis is the fibroblast. They are usually found among the collagen fibers. Young fibroblasts have an abundance of cytoplasm while old fibroblasts (fibrocytes) have very little. In light microscopy, fibroblasts are spindle shaped with long cytoplasmic processes at each end. Their nucleus is oval and contains two to four nucleoli. Fibroblasts are motile and capable of mitosis. They are derived from mesenchymal cells. The fine structure of fibroblasts include elongated processes and the usual complement of organelles. The most characteristic feature in the cytoplasm is the abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is expected of cells that synthesize the collagen protein for export. Fine filaments, sometimes occurring in bundles, are usually seen in the cytoplasm of the fibroblasts. An active or young fibroblast showing extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and several nucleoli indicates that it is synthesizing protein for secretion. Fibroblasts secrete procollagen, glycosaminoglycans, and proelastin. Secretory vesicles can be seen all along the cell membrane of the fibroblast. These vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents (procollagen) into the extracellular space where it will be enzymatically converted to collagen.38,199,204
Introduction and Review of Biological Background
Luke R. Bucci in Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Fibroblasts are crucial for proper healing to occur in loose connective tissues, which surround practically every tissue in the body. Under the light microscope, fibroblasts appear as elongated, spindle-shaped cells. However, in electron micrographs, fibroblasts appear as elongated cells with many convoluted processes that look like tentacles. Fibroblasts are responsive to extracellular factors, such as cytokines, growth factors, and inflammatory mediators, which allow fibroblasts to maintain and repair connective tissues. Fibroblasts are capable of prodigious production of collagen, PGs, and extracellular matrix, and are capable of proliferation to repopulate a region. The nutrient needs and demands of fibroblasts during wound healing have been fairly well studied. Fibroblasts produce Types I and III collagen, which form a scar in dermal wounds. In subsequent chapters, the effects of nutrients on fibroblast proliferation and synthetic capabilities will be presented as indicators of nutrient effects.
Polycaprolactone based pharmaceutical nanoemulsion loaded with acriflavine: optimization and in vivo burn wound healing activity
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Touseef Nawaz, Muhammad Iqbal, Barkat Ali Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Asif Nawaz, Akhtar Rasul, Waleed Y. Rizg, Abdulmajeed M. Jali, Rayan A. Ahmed, Awaji Y. Safhi
Using the AUC, an assessment of the potential consequences of heat damage on overall biochemical status was made. Figure 6 shows the AUC bands of CG, SG and FG burn wounds. The AUC gradually augments for amide I, amide II, and amide III as the time progresses after thermal injury. In Figure 6, the significant difference between the CG, SG and FG can be seen. There were substantial differences between the AUC values obtained at 1635 cm−1, 1553 cm−1, and 1458 cm−1 when compared. These bands could be linked to an increase in the relative amount of protein tissue, implying a link between collagen activities and wound healing. The molecular and physiological foundations of wound healing may lead to fibroblast proliferation and protein accumulation in the extracellular matrix. The spectral markers of tissue repair mechanisms could be the high difference of these molecular bands during the healing process (Storey & Helmy, 2019). When the skin’s integrity is challenged by thermal injury, the healing reaction kicks in. As a result, infection could potentially stymie the healing process. In comparison to current diagnostic techniques, recent investigations have proven the importance of low-cost vibrational spectroscopic approaches for analyzing spectrum markers that are label-free.
Inheritance, Environment and Genesis of Inguinal Hernias
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
In a recent study, EGF containing fibulin extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) was studied in men undergoing surgery for direct groin hernias [4]. The study was initiated after previous studies had shown that EFEMP1 affects the connective tissue in several ways, in particular by interacting with TIMP3 [5]. Although the present study did not show correlation between EFEMP1 and TIMP3, it showed that EFEMP1 correlated positively with the amount of elastin in tissue sampled from men undergoing hernia surgery, and negatively with MMP9. In addition to this, EFEMP1 suppressed fibroblast migration and invasion. Fibroblasts produce proteins that provide the tensile strength of the extracellular matrix. If the migration of fibroblasts is inhibited, the synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular matrix is impaired, thereby disturbing the structural integrity of fascia. The impact of EFEMP1 on elastin may also be explained by an interaction with tropoelastin, which is the building block of elastin [5]. EFEMP1 thus seems to affect the extracellular matrix in several ways.
Cucurbitacin E glucoside from Citrullus colocynthis inhibits testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Salsabeel Z. Basha, Gamal A. Mohamed, Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim, Atif Hasan, Ahmed Abdel-Lateff
Fibrosis is excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblast with accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components in and around inflamed, which can lead to permanent scarring and organ dysfunction (Gharaee-Kermani et al. 2013). Mechanistically, fibrosis is considered an inflammation-initiated process (Rodriguez-Nieves and Macoska 2013). Prostatic inflammation in BPH has been found to be associated with prostatic enlargement. Chronic inflammation has been connected with BPH that causes prostate fibrosis (Nandecha et al.2010). Investigations employing a mouse model indicated that prostate inflammation induces an increase in collagen content and a correlation between inflammation and fibrosis was established. Prostatic fibrosis is a crucial factor for the development of bladder outlet obstruction (Wu et al.2017). Our data indicated that Cu-E glucoside has a significant antifibrotic activity as it inhibited collagen deposition and α-SMA expression. It has been reported that both cucurbitacins E and B ameliorate hepatic fibrosis (Alghasham 2013, Sallam et al. 2018).