Introduction to Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez in Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) is a family of proteins consisting of 23 members with related structural characteristics. These proteins are characterized by its capacity to bind to the Heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, FGFs trigger different cellular functions which include cellular proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of different target tissues. Specifically, members involved with FGFs play a role in PDL regeneration by enhancing cell proliferation, inhibition of alkaline phosphatase and angiogenesis through the modulation of the FGF-1 and FGF-2. Moreover; FGF-2 is the most extensively studied in regenerative medicine and periodontal tissue regeneration. This protein has been used in the treatment of ulcers and bone fractures due to its potential to facilitate revascularization.
Fibroblast Growth Factors
Jason Kelley in Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of related mitogens that have proliferative and differentiative effects on a variety of cells. Although there are a few reports of the presence of the FGFs in lung tissue, and lung is often screened along with other tissues for expression of mRNAs for members of the FGF family, little is known about the role of FGFs in lung biology. Since the FGFs are potent mitogens for endothelial cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and some epithelial cells, they have the potential to interact with the component tissues of the lung and may have profound effects on lung physiology. This review will outline the present knowledge about the biological and chemical properties of the FGFs and their receptors and will consider biological effects of the FGFs that may be relevant to lung biology.
The Prostate and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Anthony R. Mundy, John M. Fitzpatrick, David E. Neal, Nicholas J. R. George in The Scientific Basis of Urology, 2010
In the normal prostate, the main stimulatory growth factors are EGF and TGF-α, the former being principally active in adults and the latter in growth and differentiation of the prostate. Neither of these appears to play any part in BPH, although the EGF expression appears to be reduced (58). Another growth factor family with an important role in the normal prostate is the fibroblast growth factor family. Like TGF-α, acidic fibroblast growth factor is predominantly active in growth and differentiation (15). It is bFGF that is the main stimulatory growth factor of this group in adults. All members of the fibroblast growth factor family have a variety of actions on a variety of different cell types, including producing angiogenesis and remodeling the extracellular matrix by producing modulating proteases and inducing the synthesis of fibronectin (14, 59). Members of the fibroblast growth factor family are abundant in the extracellular matrix, where they bind heparin avidly. Basic fibroblast growth factor is interesting because it is not secreted; it is only released from cells by injury or cell death, although it may, of course, have intracrine activity (60). However, there is another member of this family, called keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) (61). This is a truly paracrine substance that is secreted only by stromal cells but for which there are receptors only on epithelial cells. It may be that some of the stimulatory activity previously ascribed to bFGF is, in fact, more related to KGF. Both bFGF and KGF appear to have a role in BPH as both show increased expression (62).
Does CETP rs5882, rs708272, SIRT1 rs12778366, FGFR2 rs2981582, STAT3 rs744166, VEGFA rs833068, IL6 rs1800795 polymorphisms play a role in optic neuritis development?
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2019
Greta Gedvilaite, Alvita Vilkeviciute, Loresa Kriauciuniene, Virginija Asmoniene, Rasa Liutkeviciene
There are also studies that demonstrate the association of genetic polymorphisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) with cancerous cells development. The fibroblast growth factor plays an important role in many important processes like formation of blood vessels, regeneration and wound healing, cell growth, and embryonic development. The FGFR2 gene is grouped into two variants, FGFR2 IIIb, and FGFR2 IIIc, and the protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where the amino acid sequence is highly conserved between the members. The protein spans the cell membrane so that one end of the protein remains inside the cell and the other end projects from the outer surface of the cell. This positioning allows the FGFR2 protein to interact with specific growth factors outside the cell and to receive signals that help the cell respond to its environment (24). When growth factors attach to the FGFR2 protein, the receptor triggers a cascade of chemical reactions inside the cell that instruct the cell to undergo certain changes. Genetic changes in the FGFR2 protein lead to unbalanced functions of cells and optic nerve damage by reinless cell growth without a proper apoptosis system. Common variant rs2981582 in the FGFR2 intron was associated with several malignant tumors, such as breast and prostate cancer, promoting their invasiveness and angiogenesis (25–27).
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors Reduce Adipogenesis of Orbital Fibroblasts and Enhance Myofibroblastic Differentiation in Graves’ Orbitopathy
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Shyang-Rong Shih, Shu-Lang Liao, Chih-Wei Shih, Yi-Hsuan Wei, Ting-Xuan Lu, Chien-Hsiang Chou, Er-Yen Yen, Yi-Cheng Chang, Chia-Chi Lin, Yu-Chiao Chi, Wei-Shiung Yang, Feng-Chiao Tsai
Evidence supports the involvement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) and TSHR antibodies (TSHRAbs) in the pathogenesis of GO.6 Studies have also shown that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) induces chemoattractants in orbital fibroblasts and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mediates the induction of GAG synthesis.6 IGF-1R targeting antibodies with or without TSHR antagonist have been introduced as new strategies for GO treatment and have undergone clinical trials.7,8 Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are also important growth factors. There are totally 22 FGFs and 4 FGF receptors (FGFRs). Binding of FGFs to FGFRs can induce the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts.9 FGF1 and FGF2 are thought to be key regulators of human adipogenesis.10,11 Previous studies have shown that FGF (type not specified) expression increased in retroocular connective tissue of GO; serum FGF2 increased in GO patients; and FGF2 induced adipogenesis, proliferation and cytokine/hyaruronon production of fibroblasts in GO.12–17 Details about FGF1 including serum levels and effects on orbital fibroblasts of GO were less discussed.
Regenerative responses of rabbit corneal endothelial cells to stimulation by fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) derivatives, TTHX1001 and TTHX1114
Published in Growth Factors, 2021
Jessica Weant, David D. Eveleth, Amuthakannan Subramaniam, Jennifer Jenkins-Eveleth, Michael Blaber, Ling Li, David M. Ornitz, Asaf Alimardanov, Trevor Broadt, Hui Dong, Vinay Vyas, Xiaoyi Yang, Ralph A. Bradshaw
Tissue growth in higher organisms is produced by increases in cell size (hypertrophy) and cell number (hyperplasticity). The stimuli that control and produce these responses are basically external to the cell and include interactions with extracellular matrix, other cells, and soluble factors. Importantly, the ability of cells to respond to these external signals, and the nature of these responses, is dependent on a variety of conditions, e.g. cell cycle status, differentiative state, etc. such that the activation of a pathway in one cell type might lead to proliferation while in another, produce apoptotic cell death. One major element in the regulation of growth events is the polypeptide growth factors which are, for the most part, soluble ligands that are exported from their cells of origin and then interact with target cells through cell surface receptors (Bradshaw and Dennis 2011; Heldin et al. 2014). There are several types of growth factor families based on the kind of receptor they utilise. One of these, the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, is composed of seven members coded by four unique genes (Ornitz et al. 1996; Zhang et al. 2006; Ornitz and Marie 2015) and the associated ligand family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) contains 22 members that are subdivided into seven groups.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
- Cell Signaling
- Growth Factor
- Heparin
- Protein
- Extracellular Matrix
- Macrophage
- Heparan Sulfate
- Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor
- Fgf15