Conservation – A Strategy to Overcome Shortages of Ayurveda Herbs
D. Suresh Kumar in Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
Ex situ conservation is the conservation of biological diversity outside their natural habitats in locations that imitate their natural habitats. This involves the conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated species. The approach draws on a diverse array of techniques and facilities, including seed banks in vitro plant tissue and microbial culture collections, artificial propagation of plants, with possible reintroduction into the wild and botanic gardens (Maunder et al. 2004).
Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Threatened Medicinal Plants of North East India
Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter in Medicinal Plants, 2023
Ex-situ conservation means the safeguarding of components of biological diversity outside their environmental area (Rands et al., 2010). It involves the safeguarding of flora and fauna out of their accepted habitation by cultivation and maintaining plants in botanical gardens. The approaches of ex-situ safeguarding also involve long term preservation of flora in seed bank, in-vitro maintenance, DNA storage, etc.
Biodiversity Bioprospection with Respect to Medicinal Plants
Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi in Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
The progressive increase of developmental activities, gathering, and overexploitation as well as changing environmental situation has caused an alarming decline of medicinal plant wealth throughout the world. Therefore, conservation strategies have envisaged with primary goals of preservation of species, genetic diversity and sustainable use of plant products for human welfare (Chandra, 2016). Basically, there are four scientific techniques applied for the preservation of the diversity of medicinal plants. They are described under as Legislation: Rules of IUCN, CBD (Convention on Biodiversity) and environmental laws have been formulated by different countries to protect the herbal flora by implementing forest act (1927), wildlife amendment act (1972), environment protection act (1986), and national biodiversity act (2002).In-situ conservation: It includes the conservation of specific biogeographic zones with intra- and inter specific genetic variation. National park, biosphere reserves, sacred sites, sacred groves, and wildlife sanctuary are principle policy decision process for in-situ conservation of biological and genetic diversity of medicinal plants at the national, international and global level. MOEFCC (India) has recognized 14 biosphere reserves, 91 national parks and 448 wildlife sanctuary including world heritage site, coral reefs, mangroves and Ramsar convention (for wetlands conservation) for ethnobiological preservation in their respective habitats (Chandra, 2016).Ex-situ conservation: It includes conservation of medicinal plants outside the natural habitats for long-term preservation such as seed bank, pollen bank and DNA libraries. Seed conservation is an important ex-situ approach, also called as an insurance policy against extinction of medicinal plants and cost has been estimated as little as 1% of in-situ conservation (Hawkes et al., 2012).Cultivation: It is an important approach to conserve threatened medicinal plant species to support the ever-increasing market demands. The strategy will be successful only with the immense help of public domestication programmes. There are many threatened plant species such as Garcinia afzelii, Panax quinquefolius, Saussurea costus, and Warburgia salutaris that can be marketed at a high price due to its cultivation approaches (Cunningham, 1994). However, domestication will also achieve conservation of threatened plant’s diversity for selected plant species. Sometimes, cultivated plants have been found qualitatively inferior than wild plants. Chinese people prefer wild ginseng roots instead of cultivated ones because the cultivated plants did not possess the characteristic features as collected from the wild (Cunningham, 1994).
Herbal remedies used by traditional healers to treat haemorrhoids in Tabora region, Tanzania
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
David Sylvester Kacholi, Halima Mvungi Amir
Agricultural expansion (45%), followed by deforestation (31%), fire (14%) and overgrazing (10%) were mentioned by THs to be the major threats to the MPs resources. Likewise, in Ethiopia, agricultural expansion is the main challenge in conserving MPs (Tefera and Kim 2019). Moreover, the THs established that the younger generations are unwilling to learn this traditional healing practice. Hence, a great deal of important information regarding MPs could be lost when THs and elders die without sharing knowledge with the younger generations. The THs recommended planting MPs, followed by soil and water conservation, provision of awareness and protection of nearby forests as suitable methods for conserving and protecting MPs. In addition, the study suggests that in situ and ex situ conservation, good agricultural practices, and sustainable harvesting solutions should be sufficiently considered for the sustainability of MPs resources.
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