Introduction: the Variety and Forms of Nucleic Acids
Robin Martin in Gel Electrophoresis: Nucleic Acids, 2020
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a newcomer to the field of molecular biology with a helpful introduction to the analysis of nucleic acids by gel electrophoresis. It teaches reader to become specialists in electrophoretic technology. Rather, the intention is to give a clear explanation of the basic concepts of nucleic acid electrophoresis so that the reader will be able to exploit these techniques to their full potential. The word ‘electrophoresis’ comes from the Greek electron and the Latin phore. Electron is the Greek word for amber, a substance that can be charged to a high voltage of static electricity by simply rubbing with a cloth.
Speciation of Metal Ions by Capillary Electrophoresis
Imran Ali, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein in Instrumental Methods in Metal Ion Speciation, 2006
This chapter discusses the art of metal ion speciation by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), including the applications, optimization, detection, metal ions complexation, separation efficiency, and mechanisms of the speciation. B. Michalke and P. Schramel developed an online combination of CE with inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry with a homemade nebulizer as the interface. The high resolution power of CE was used for the separation of metal species including platinum. CE is a very useful technique for the speciation of charge species, however, its application has been increased for the speciation of neutral metallic species by the modification of the background electrolyte (BGE). Different types of buffers may be used as BGEs in metal ions speciation by CE, but the use of some organic solvents known as BGE additives or organic modifiers may be useful for optimum speciation. Detection is an essential issue for the efficiency of metal ion speciation by CE.
Methods for Monitoring the Purity of Protein Solutions
Philip L. R. Bonner in Protein Purification, 2018
Throughout the purification process the purity of the pooled target protein fraction should be monitored regularly. Denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is the most popular visually accessible technique used to monitor the purity of the pooled protein fractions. A homogeneous band on both denaturing and non-denaturing PAGE is a better indication of the purity of the protein fraction. Electrophoresis is a highly resolving technique, routinely used to monitor the purity of pooled protein fractions produced by chromatographic separations. A protein purification balance sheet provides the data necessary to measure both the value of the chromatography run that has been performed and the overall effectiveness of the purification schedule. The electrophoresis of proteins in the absence of a detergent is described as non-denaturing PAGE or native PAGE. The proteins are applied to the gel and subjected to electrophoresis in their native conformations.
The current state of the art in high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis
Published in Archives Of Physiology And Biochemistry, 2009
Reiner Westermeier, Hanspeter Schickle
The study of the “proteomes” of human cells, tissues, and body fluids is a big challenge, and several highly sophisticated workflow approaches are pursued to achieve as comprehensive information as possible. Initially proteome analysis was exclusively based on the gel-based workflow, employing two-dimensional electrophoresis of protein extracts followed by mass spectrometry of the tryptic peptide digests of protein spots. Meanwhile several additional proteomics workflows are applied, which are mostly based on separation and analysis of tryptic peptides without separating the protein mixture. However, direct information on quantitative and qualitative changes of protein expressions can only be obtained by methods operating on the protein level, no other method can replace two-dimensional electrophoresis. In this review we compile the different techniques of high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis and their further developments to increase the degree of reliance of the method.
Evaluation of zone electrophoresis of serum proteins performed on the Helena Laboratories rapid electrophoresis analyser
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 1995
A. Jiménez, M. Cantero, T. Menchén, J. Conejo, E. Benedito
Zone electrophoresis of serum proteins is still widely performed as a routine procedure in clinical laboratories. It is used in the diagnosis and management of many disorders, e.g. monoclonal gammopathies, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, acute-phase reaction, immunoglobulin deficiency and others. The aim of this work is to evaluate the analytical performance of zone electrophoresis of serum proteins carried out in the Helena Laboratories Rapid Electrophoresis analyser (REP) comparing the results with those obtained in the Olympus Hite System 200 (HS-200). The REP system employs agarose gel as support medium, the HS-200 system employs cellulose acetate and it is the routine method in our laboratory. To date, we have not found any paper that deals with the assessment of a system for performing zone electrophoresis of serum proteins in terms of comparison with another.
A Rare Hemoglobin Variant, Hb Belliard
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2017
There are many documented variants of hemoglobin; however, other than a limited number (such as sickle cell disease), very few are known to have any clinical significance. As advances in detection and identification continue through gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing, more rare variants are identified. Without case reporting, the significance of these variants will remain unknown or continue to be thought of as insignificant. Here we report a rare hemoglobin variant, Hb Belliard, which was detected in a 68-year-old Indian immigrant to the United States. He presented with elevated hemoglobin and was found to have a unique peak on capillary electrophoresis. The specimen was sent for sequencing and was subsequently found to have Hb Belliard. Currently, Hb Belliard is thought to be insignificant.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Blood Proteins
- DNA
- Phonophoresis
- Proteins
- Western Blotting
- Southern Blotting
- Analytical Chemistry Techniques