Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez in Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Different factors are involved in the initiation of tertiary dentinogenesis and could be related to harmful agents such as acids and bacterial metabolic products, or by leakage from the restorative material used to fill a cavity. Tertiary dentinogenesis has been described in relation to the nature of the injury. This has led to adoption of terms like ‘reactionary’ and ‘reparative’ to subdivide tertiary dentinogenesis into the responses seen after survival and death of the primary odontoblast population, respectively. The reactionary dentinogenesis represents the focal up-regulation of a group of primary odontoblasts surviving injury to the tooth, while reparative dentinogenesis represents the response of tertiary dentin secretion by a new generation of odontoblast-like cells after death of the primary odontoblast cells (Smith et al. 2001).
Tooth Whitening, the Microabrasion Technique, and White Spot Eradication
Linda Greenwall in Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
Microabrasion cannot be used for the following conditions: Age-related staining.Tetracycline staining.Deep enamel hypoplastic lesions.Some concentric areas of hypocalcification that extend to the dentin.Some amelogenesis imperfecta.Most dentinogenesis lesions.Carious lesions underlying regions of decalcification (Croll 1997).Areas of deep enamel and dentin stains.
Radiological Mimickers of Physical Child Abuse
B. G. Brogdon, Tor Shwayder, Jamie Elifritz in Child Abuse and Its Mimics in Skin and Bone, 2012
Type I OI is most common and is a dominantly inherited, generalized connective tissue disorder characterized mainly by bone fragility and blue sclerae. The collagen structure is normal, but the amount is less than normal. Osseous deformities are least severe in type I disease. Two thirds of patients develop dentinogenesis imperfecta with yellow or brown discoloration of the teeth, enamel fractures of the frontal incisors, and x-ray evidence of bell-shaped crowns and wide pulp chambers.53 Hearing impairment occurs secondary to otosclerosis in up to 50% of patients. Other classic features include easily bruised skin, moderate joint hypermobility, and kyphoscoliosis. This is the type that may be confused with physical abuse.
Vacuolar protein sorting 4B regulates the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Yuhua Pan, Ting Lu, Ling Peng, Zhao Chen, Meiyi Li, Kaiying Zhang, Fu Xiong, Buling Wu
Dentinogenesis is a complex process that involves the precise and time-dependent orchestration of multiple genetic, molecular, and cellular interactions. During this process, dentin is formed via the progressive proliferation and differentiation of hDPSCs into mature odontoblasts [21]. It is well established that the most critical step for cell proliferation is progression from the G0–G1 transition of the cell cycle to the S phase through the G1–S checkpoint [22]. Therefore, faster G1–S transition results in an increased rate of cell proliferation, which has important implications for dental development and repair. Our findings revealed that shRNA-mediated downregulation of VPS4B markedly reduced the proliferation rate of hDPSCs, with fewer cells reaching the S phase and the G2–M transition of the cell cycle (Figure 4B). Furthermore, our western blot analyses showed that VPS4B downregulation decreased the cellular levels of the essential cell cycle regulators: PCNA and cyclin A (Figure 4D). Moreover, we found that the protein levels of VPS4B, PCNA, and cyclin A concomitantly increased after serum starvation and refeeding (Figure 4C). Of note, other studies have also shown that VPS4B depletion is associated with a marked reduction in the proliferation rate of various cell types including multiple myeloma cells, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, and A549 lung carcinoma cells [5,6,8,23]. Our results are consistent with these findings and show that an impairment of VPS4B function can influence the proliferation of hDPSCs.
Dental stem cells in tooth regeneration and repair in the future
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
Christian Morsczeck, Torsten E. Reichert
The dental pulp is a connective tissue of the tooth, which is connected with the mineralized tissue dentin. Dentin is a porous bone-like matrix that surrounds the dental pulp. Both tissues represent the dentin–pulp complex. The dentinogenesis is initiated by odontoblasts, the mineralizing cells of the dental pulp. Odontoblasts are able to regenerate minor hard tissue damage caused by tooth decay. Undifferentiated cells of the dental pulp are the origin of odontoblasts and these dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were already isolated from postnatal teeth [2] as well as from the very rare natal teeth [21]. DPSCs are plastic adherent fibroblast-like cells. They form clonogenic colonies on cell culture dishes that define their ability to self-renew. The self-renewal ability of human DPSCs was also demonstrated by the isolation and cultivation of human stem cells from stem cell transplants previously transplanted into immunocompromised mice [22]. DPSCs are peri-vascular located and express a number mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers such as CD105, CD146, CD44, and Stro-1 [8]. DPSC-like cells were also isolated from human deciduous teeth; these cells are known as stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) [23]. SHED can be cultivated either as plastic adherent cells or as neurosphere-like cell clusters.
Cell homing strategy as a promising approach to the vitality of pulp-dentin complexes in endodontic therapy: focus on potential biomaterials
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia, Zahra Safari, Sayed Soroush Sadat Kachouei, Ramin Zabeti Jahromi, Nastaran Atashkar, Amirreza Karbalaeihasanesfahani, Mahdieh Alipour, Nastaran Hashemzadeh, Simin Sharifi, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
It has been discovered that the nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a role in the differentiation of neuronal and non-neural cells during tooth regeneration [43–45]. The dental pulp is a neural network composed of the dental nerve of the fifth branch of the cranial nerve, which includes both sensory and sympathetic nerves. The pulp sensory nerves are found in the trigeminal ganglion, where thousands of axons penetrate the tooth through the apical foramen and branch in the pulp. The majority of neural packets join the dentin and form Raschkow’s neural network. The free nerve’s tip is on the odontoblast cell layer. The nerves proceed to the coronal area, where they form a plexus near the odontoblasts and finally enter the dentinal tubules. They regulate the number of functions like dentinogenesis (the formation of dentin), and vascularization in teeth through secretion of neuropeptides, and are connected with the pulp, dentin, vasculature, and immune cells [46–51].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Collagen
- Dentin
- Odontoblast
- Phospholipid
- Lipid
- Tooth
- Cell
- Pulp
- Animal Tooth Development
- Odontoblast Process