Circadian Rhythm
Mehwish Iqbal in Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
The primary methods of the biological timekeeping structure and the possible outcomes of their non-fulfilment are among the problems described by scientists in the area of chronobiology. In its vast sense, the field of chronobiology encircles all research domains concentrating on circadian timing, including high oscillatory cycles (e.g. secretions of hormones taking place in well-defined pulses throughout the day), regular cycles (i.e. rest and movement cycles) and yearly or monthly cycles (i.e. reproductive cycles). Amid these interconnected fields of chronobiology, the areas of frequency or regular cycles are recognised as circadian rhythms. Practically all biological organisms, including fish, fungi, microbes, plants, mice, humans and fruit flies, demonstrate circadian patterns (Vitaterna et al., 2001).
Gastrointestinal Function and Toxicology in Canines
Shayne C. Gad in Toxicology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2018
Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms and the adaptation of these organisma to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms [29,31,65,66,394]. The term “chronobiology” comes from the ancient Greek χρόνος (chrónos, meaning “time”), and biology, which pertains to the study, or science, of life. The related terms “chronomics” and “chronome” have been used in some cases to describe either the molecular mechanisms involved in chronobiological phenomena or the more quantitative aspects of chronobiology, particularly where comparison of cycles between organisms is required. Chronobiological studies include but are not limited to comparative anatomy, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and behavior of organisms within biological rhythms mechanics. Other aspects include development, reproduction, ecology, and evolution.
The Pineal Gland Energy Transducer
Len Wisneski in The Scientific Basis of Integrative Health, 2017
Chronobiology involves the science of our biological clock (i.e., the SCN) as it is expressed in our personal physiological rhythm (e.g., am I a morning or an evening person?). However, chronobiology also concerns the science of how our biological clocks are disrupted by or determine the daily rhythms of a particular illness and even the time of optimal medication administration. Franz Halberg, who some called the father of chronobiology, initiated the study of body rhythms in the late 1950s and continues to provide valuable research to the field (Halberg, 1983; Halberg et al., 2001). Halberg ascertained literally dozens of circadian patterns present in humans and other species, including thyroid function in Peking ducks; rhythms of susceptibility to an insecticide (pyrethrum) in cockroaches and houseflies; and the peak times of the day that symptoms of asthma, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy are expressed in humans (Astier and Bayle, 1970; Halberg et al., 1968; Passouant et al., 1969; Reinberg et al., 1970; Reindl et al., 1969; Sullivan et al., 1970).
Cardiovascular research and the arrival of circadian medicine
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Tami A. Martino, Brian P. Delisle
The journal Chronobiology International was launched in 1984 by co-Editors-in-Chief Alain Reinberg and Michael Smolensky as a visionary step forward for the emerging science of chronobiology (Reinberg and Smolensky 1984). The first issue included many studies relevant to human health including cardiovascular disease, neurobiology, cancer, bone growth, metabolic pathways, as well as cosinor bioinformatics programs for the Apple II microcomputer, and several papers on other organisms. Over the decades, it has become the leading journal of biological and medical rhythm research. As of 2023, there are now 40 volumes of Chronobiology International, and the importance of applying circadian biology to clinical medicine has become increasingly apparent. The published papers encompass a wide range of clinical conditions, incorporate the latest state-of-the-art technologies, challenge us to better understand human physiology and pathophysiology, and apply our circadian research as a basis for new treatments for disease.
The relationship between chronotype, night eating behavior and fear of COVID-19 in academics
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Ayten Yilmaz Yavuz, Canan Altinsoy
Nutrition, defined as the use of nutrients necessary to continue life and protect health, is influenced by many factors as well as physiological and psychosocial factors (Baysal 2009; Salvy et al. 2007). The concept of chronotype provides a new perspective for understanding the importance of the individual approach to nutrition. Although the concept of chronotype is related to chronobiology, which studies the rhythmic elements in biological processes in the context of individual characteristics, it reflects the circadian phases of the individual. These phases show at what time of day an individual’s physical functions, hormone levels, body temperature, cognitive abilities, nutrition, and sleep patterns are active (Levandovski et al. 2013). Chronotypes are studied in morning, intermediate, and evening groups. Morning people go to bed early in the evening and get up early in the morning, whereas in the evening, people go to bed late and get up late in the morning. Individuals with morning and evening chronotypes show differences in many physiological processes such as body temperature, melatonin, cortisol secretion, behavioral patterns, and mood. Being awake late at night increases the likelihood of consuming energy and unhealthy foods (Fleig and Randler 2009).
Economical bluetooth low energy-based telemetry system with combined data processing method for long-term laboratory animal monitoring for biological rhythm research
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Hua Luo, Shuting Cheng, Zhou Jiang, Wang Hou, Zhengrong Wang
Telemetry systems have been used in chronobiology studies for the collection of blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, EEG, ECG, etc. from conscious, free-moving small experimental animals (Kramer et al. 2001). For example, the DSI (Data Sciences International, Harvard Bioscience, St. Paul, MN, U.S.A.) implantable telemetry provides a complete set of physiological signal acquisition systems. The telemetry systems have specific applications in chronobiology research, such as the study of the relationship between the circadian rhythm of sleep, body temperature, rest-activity, and diseases (Ashley et al. 2012; Etet et al. 2012). Although powerful for general use, these systems require special transmitting and receiving devices that are complex and expensive, and lack mathematical modules specifically for biological rhythm analysis. Thus, they are not suitable for small and medium-sized laboratories for biological rhythm experiments.