Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
Wojciech Gorczyca in Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
Histologic examination shows diffuse infiltration with effacement of the normal lymph node architecture (Figure 20.1) or rarely atypical paracortical infiltrate (T-zone pattern; Figure 20.2). Although the cell size and cytologic features may vary, medium- or large-sized cells predominate. Nuclei are irregular and pleomorphic with unevenly distributed coarse chromatin and nucleoli. Scattered large multilobated Reed–Sternberg-like cells may be present. Often, there is an accompanying inflammatory infiltrate of small lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, clusters of epithelioid histiocytes that may form granulomas, and characteristically eosinophils. Some cases may show increased numbers of small blood vessels (high endothelial venules), but not as prominent as seen in AITL.
Long-Term Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Hormones and Related Substances on Normal and Neoplastic Growth of Murine Mammary Glands
Takao Mori, Hiroshi Nagasawa in Toxicity of Hormones in Perinatal Life, 2020
Cell responsiveness or susceptibility to hormones is another important factor for cell growth. The effects of perinatal hormones and related substances on mammary gland responsiveness to mammotropic hormones are not conclusive. The responsiveness is generally little changed or increased by perinatal hormone treatments; however, a few experimental results infer the decrease of responsiveness in rats.6 In this respect, Heideman et al.41 found that progesterone-binding activity of DMB A-induced mammary tumors of rats was elevated by prenatal exposure to DES during the third trimester, but not by the exposure during the second trimester and no alteration was observed in estrogen binding capacities between treatments. Mammary tissue of adult (about 75 days of age) male Holtsman rats whose mothers received 10 mg cyproterone acetate, an antiandrogen, daily for 10 days beginning day 11 of pregnancy showed presence of estrogen-binding sites comparable to the levels in the normal females, while it was undetectable in normal males.41 These rats also had the higher mammary gland activity of conversion of 3H-androstenedione to estrogens than did normal males.42 Mammary gland response to growth factors was lower in the neonatally estrogenized mice than in the control.43
Adipose Tissue Metabolism During Development and Growth
Fernand P. Bonnet in Adipose Tissue in Childhood, 2019
During fat cell enlargement, normally seen during the first year of life, and during positive caloric balance at any age, the increased rate of lipid assimilation is accompanied by an increased rate of lipid degradation. In the obese state with large fat cells, elevated blood levels of FFA and glycerol have also been reported.8 Even though fat cell size seems to be the most important factor influencing the cellular rates of metabolism, fat cell number is also of importance from a quantitative point of view, i.e., amount of adipose tissue present and, thus, overall metabolic contribution. Consequently, during growth and development when both fat cell size and number increase, as outlined below, this does not only increase the amount of lipids stored but also leads to a concomitant increase in the supply of energy to the growing organism.
Olive Fruit Blends Modulate Lipid-Sensing Nuclear Receptor PPARγ, Cell Survival, and Oxidative Stress Response in Human Osteoblast Cells
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Sergio Ammendola, Rossana Cocchiola, Mariangela Lopreiato, Laura Politi, Roberto Scandurra, Anna Maria Giusti, Anna Scotto d'Abusco
Saos-2 osteoblast cells, an osteosarcoma cell line, were used as model to evaluate the effects of EVOO on humans. The bone is a poorly perfused tissue targeted by highly lipophilic compounds. Previously, we successfully used these cells to analyze the effect of two nutraceutical compositions, one containing whey proteins (13) and another one containing mainly diosmin and hesperidin (14). To this purpose 2 × 104 Saos-2 cells per well were seeded in a 24-well plate and grown to 80% confluence in McCoy's medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) supplemented with L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich), plus 15% Fetal bovine serum (FBS). Experiments were performed in McCoy's containing 1% FBS. Cells were left untreated (CTL) or treated for 24, 48, and 72 hours, with increasing doses of the EVOO samples. The potential cytotoxic effects of EVO-0, EVO-4, and EVO-7 on Saos-2 cells were analyzed by the trypan blue exclusion method. The cells were treated with 50 μl, 100 μl, and 200 μl of each EVOO, emulsified with cell culture medium (2.5, 5.0, 10.0% v/v, respectively). After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the cells were detached, 50 μl of cell suspension was mixed with the same volume of 0.4% trypan blue solution, and cells were counted in a hemocytometer under a light microscope. The cell growth is reported as total number of cells.
Effects of a brain tumor in a dispersive human head on SAR and temperature rise distributions due to RF sources at 4G and 5G frequencies
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2019
In order to confirm the validity of the multiphysics model, the obtained results due to the near-field exposure and the far-field exposure are compared with those reported before. In all comparing simulations, the cell size of the human head is set to 2 mm. For the near-field exposure, the maximum SAR1g and temperature rise values in the healthy head at 900 MHz are compared with those reported in (Wang and Fujiwara, 1999). In this simulation, the human head is placed 24 mm away from a dipole antenna of 156 mm when the antenna input power is set to 0.6 W. For the far-field exposure, the maximum SAR1g and temperature rise values in the healthy head at 1.5 GHz are compared with those reported in (Fujiwara et al., 1999). In this simulation, the human head is illuminated by a θ polarized plane wave with the incident angles of θinc = 90° and ϕinc = 90° (from the front to rear of the head). Table 2 shows the results obtained here and reported in (Wang and Fujiwara, 1999) and (Fujiwara et al., 1999). It is realized from the table that the maximum SAR1g value in the head is reasonably in good agreement whereas the maximum temperature rise in the head is slightly different with those reported in (Wang and Fujiwara, 1999) and (Fujiwara et al., 1999). The reason for the difference in the compared results would come from using a different head model.
Do the joint effects of size, shape and ecocorona influence the attachment and physical eco(cyto)toxicity of nanoparticles to algae?
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh, Daniel Arenas-Lago, Petr Porcal, Renato Grillo, Peng Zhang, Zhiling Guo, Martina G. Vijver, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg
The cell size range was between 4 and 6 µm as observed by SEM (Figure S2 left, SI). The expected normal growth rate for P. subcapitata according to the OECD guideline 201 is 1.5-1.7 (Wilhelm et al. 2012). Algae growth in our study was similar in the control and in all the treatments with an average specific growth rate of 0.57/day to 0.7/day. In the guideline (OECD 201) the recommended initial biomass for the algae is 5 × 103-104. In our study, the applied initial biomass was lower than the recommended biomass which could explain the observed lower growth rate. This low growth rate was not due to the exposure to Au-ENPs as the comparison with the control confirmed this claim. We applied a lower biomass concentration for algae to facilitate investigating the physical toxicity of the particles to the cell. The concentration was selected based on previous pre-tests. The presence of NOM on the surface of the particles also did not influence the growth of the algae. These results showed that algal growth is normal after exposure to the Au-ENPs of different sizes and shapes and in the presence and absence of NOM ecocorona.