Cell-mediated immunity
Gabriel Virella in Medical Immunology, 2019
Finally, CD4 T cells primed in the presence of IL-10 can also become regulatory. These cells, called Tr1 cells, lack FoxP3 and express in their surface CD49b and lymphocyte activation gene (LAG)-3. Tr1 cells can regulate the function of dendritic cells by producing IL-10. Thus, a complex combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulates the immune system to avoid inappropriate and prolonged responses.
Formation and phenotypic characterization of CD49a, CD49b and CD103 expressing CD8 T cell populations in human metastatic melanoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Marit M. Melssen, Walter Olson, Nolan A. Wages, Brian J. Capaldo, Ileana S. Mauldin, Adela Mahmutovic, Ciara Hutchison, Cornelis J.M. Melief, Timothy N. Bullock, Victor H. Engelhard, Craig L. Slingluff
RI are mainly expressed on T cells after they infiltrate peripheral tissues, suggesting that they are either lineage markers of a later differentiation stage or induced by molecules in the local tissue environment. Little is known about factors inducing RI expression. TGFβ has been shown to upregulate CD103 expression directly on activated CD8 T cells.22-25 While studies have shown a correlation with the presence of TNFα and TGFβ and CD49a+ T cells in mice,26-28 the direct cause of CD49a induction remains unknown. To our knowledge, factors that induce CD49b have not been identified. Understanding the factors that induce expression of RI is crucial for continued improvements of immune therapies, as it gives perspectives on the role of the TME in retention and dissemination of T cells subsets in the tumor.
The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3 modulates platelet motility and α2β1 integrin-dependent adhesion to collagen
Published in Platelets, 2022
Joy R Wright, Sarah Jones, Sasikumar Parvathy, Leonard K Kaczmarek, Ian Forsythe, Richard W Farndale, Jonathan M Gibbins, Martyn P Mahaut-Smith
Antibodies for analysis of platelet surface antigens included FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse GPIbα (CD42b, Xia.G5), GPIbβ (CD42c, Xia.C3), GPV (CD42d, Gon.C2) and rat anti-mouse isotype control (P190-1) from Emfret Analytics (Eibelstadt, Germany). Antibodies against integrin chains were FITC-conjugated α2 (CD49b, Ha 1/29), αIIb (CD41, MWReg30), β1 (CD29, Ha2/5), β3 (CD61, 2 C9.G2) and isotype controls from BD Biosciences (Wokingham, UK). Platelet α-granule secretion was measured using anti-P-selectin-FITC (CD62P, Wug.E9) and IgG isotype control, (Emfret Analytics). Horm collagen (type I fibrils from equine tendon) was obtained from Alere (Stockport, Cheshire, UK) and the collagen peptides CRP-XL: crosslinked GCO(GPO)10GCOG-amide, VWF-III: GPC(GPP5)GPRGQOGVMGFO(GPP)5GPC-amide, and GFOGER: GPC(GPP5)GFOGER(GPP5)GPC-amide, were from CambCol Laboratories (Ely, Cambs, UK). Fibrinogen, 3,3ʹ dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6), prostaglandin E (PGE1), apyrase (type VII), ADP, and hirudin were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). FM®1-43 lipophilic styryl dye was from Molecular Probes (Life Technologies, Paisley, UK) and Phe-Pro-Arg-chloromethylketone (PPACK) from Hematologic Technologies Incorporated (Vermont, USA). DyLight® 649-conjugated anti-GPIbβ antibody (Emfret Analytics) was used for in vivo thrombus formation experiments.
Diagnosis of platelet function disorders: A standardized, rational, and modular flow cytometric approach
Published in Platelets, 2018
Oliver Andres, Katja Henning, Gabriele Strauß, Annerose Pflug, Georgi Manukjan, Harald Schulze
First, we assessed inter-experimental reproducibility and intra-experimental variability. In order to explore how storage time influences platelet receptor expression and reactivity, we measured the expression of these parameters on platelets from two healthy individuals at several time-points during a 48 hour-period (Supplementary Figure 3). Results seemed to be best consistent when platelets rested about 30 minutes prior to analysis, but then should be analyzed as early as possible. Further storage was to some extent associated with altered receptor expression and reactivity. Especially, the amount of CD49b was reduced over storage time, probably due to some antigen loss on the platelet surface or as a result of an overall low expression level. Forward- and side-scatter (FSC and SSC) properties were overall stable. Some platelet activation markers showed apparent fluctuations. In general, most reproducible results were achieved when flow cytometric analysis was completed within four hours as fresh as possible (Supplementary Figure 3). Intra-experimental variability of receptor expression was low, reaching a maximal value of 2.8% (data not shown).
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