Signaling to and from T Cell Integrins
Yoshikazu Takada in Integrins: The Biological Problems, 2017
Members of the (VLA proteins) βl integrin subfamily consist of the β 1 chain (also designated CD29) associated with at least six different α chains to form integrins designated α1β1 to α6β1 (Table l).6 Initial studies of T cells identified α1β1 as an antigen that appeared on T cells that had been activated for several weeks in vitro.19 The “VLA” nomenclature signifies this historical designation of α1β1 (VLA-1) as a “very late antigen” on activated T cells. However, subsequent analysis showed that the β chain in α1β1 is identical to the β chain in the classical fibronectin (FN) receptor, α5β1. Thus, it is important to note that: (1) β1 integrins are expressed on a multitude of other cell types besides lymphocytes, and (2) β1 integrins are expressed on resting as well as activated T cells.
Human Blood Dendritic Cells
Brian J. Nickoloff in Dermal Immune System, 2019
Dendritic cells express neither CD2 (the LFA-3 ligand) nor CD 1a nor CD 1b, but trace expression of CD1c has been reported.7 Human epidermal Langerhans cells express CD 1a and CD1c, but these antigens are down-modulated in culture as these cells become more like blood dendritic cells. In terms of NK cell markers, blood dendritic cells do not express either CD56 or CD57, and as described above, CD 16 (Fc-γ-RIII) is also not detected by FACS.7 Surface molecules in the family of the integrins, adhesion molecules involved in many aspects of cell-to-cell adhesions and interactions, are expressed at very high levels on the surface of the blood dendritic cell. These extracellular matrix and cell-adhesion receptors integrate the extracellular environment with the cytoskeleton.28 Three separate subgroups of integrins have been identified within the family, and these are distinguished on the basis of the beta chain of these dimeric molecules. Interestingly, blood dendritic cells express both LFA-1 (CD11a) and its ligand ICAM-1 (CD54) at fairly high levels, and they also express high levels of LFA-3 (CD58) which is the receptor for the CD2 molecule on T cells.7 Additionally, CD 18 (the β-2 integrin), CD29 (the β-1 integrin), and CD11c (p150/90) are expressed at relatively high levels, and there is trace expression of CD11b (the C3bi receptor).7 The high levels of expression of a large number of different integrins/adhesins on the surface of dendritic cells correlates with their formidable ability to bind T cells (see Figure 4).
Recombinant Antibodies
Siegfried Matzku, Rolf A. Stahel in Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy, 2019
DNA can be efficiently expressed in cultures of insect cells infected with baculovirus using expression vectors containing the promoter of the gene for polyhedrin. Invertebrate cells are capable of signal peptide cleavage, N- and O-linked glycosylation, proper cellular compartmentalization and extracellular secretion. The expression of recombinant mAb in insect cells offers several advantages with respect to post-translational modifications, stability, yields and applicability. An anti-human CD29 human::mouse chimeric antibody was recently produced in Sf9 cells with a yield of 10-15 mg/109 cells, higher than the level achieved by the parental mouse hybridoma (Poul et al., 1995). The chimeric heavy and light chains were correctly processed and assembled into a normal immunoglobulin that was secreted into the culture medium. The chimeric antibody was found to be glycosylated and reproduced in vitro the functional properties of the parental mAb, including binding affinity and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation.
CD29 targeted near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) in the treatment of a pigmented melanoma model
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Aki Furusawa, Ryuhei Okada, Fuyuki Inagaki, Hiroaki Wakiyama, Takuya Kato, Hideyuki Furumoto, Hiroshi Fukushima, Shuhei Okuyama, Peter L. Choyke, Hisataka Kobayashi
CD29, also known as Integrin beta-1 (Itgb1), is one of the integrin family trans-membrane proteins which is involved in multiple cellular events such as cell adhesion and migration.18 CD29 expression is associated with cancer cell proliferation and migration,19,20 and is also associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.21 CD44 and CD29 are known to be co-expressed in some cancers including synovial sarcoma22 and squamous cell carcinomas19 and melanomas.23,24 Although CD29 is known to be expressed in cytotoxic T cells,25 its expression in other immune cells is relatively low.26 Even when cytotoxic CD8 T cells are killed locally in the treatment site, if the rest of the immune cell populations such as DCs and CD4 T cells are intact, anti-tumor immune activation is expected to be unaffected, and newly activated T cells would fill the loss. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of CD29- and CD44-PIT on cancer cells and on TME cells. Specifically, we investigated; (1) the efficacy of NIR-PIT against a pigmented melanoma model and (2) Compared the treatment efficacy of CD29-PIT and CD44-PIT with and without a commonly available immune checkpoint inhibitor, anti-CTLA4 antibody.
microRNA-130b-3p delivery by mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes confers protection on acute lung injury
Published in Autoimmunity, 2022
Xiaoxia Wang, Jifeng Feng, Huijun Dai, Jianlan Mo, Bijun Luo, Cheng Luo, Weikang Zhang, Linghui Pan
CD105, CD29, CD44 and CD34 are commonly used to identify MSCs, among which CD105, CD29 and CD44 is a positive marker, whereas CD34 is a negative marker [36,37]. The specific function of the cells is related to its surface markers, and cell surface markers can reflect some basic characteristics of cells. MSCs are a mixed cell population, and their surface antigens are also non-specific, expressing the surface markers of mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells and epidermal cells [38]. CD29, also known as integrin β1, VLA-β chain or gpIIa, is a receptor for various extracellular matrix proteins, and CD29 acts as a fibronectin receptor involved in various cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. CD105, also known as endoglin, is a 90-kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the zona pellucida protein (ZP) family. CD44, also known as Hermes, Pgp1, H-CAM or Hutch, is an 80–95 kDa glycoprotein, which is expressed in leukocytes, endothelial cells, hepatocytes and MSCs. CD34 is a transmembrane salivary mucin that may be involved in adhesion and anti-adhesion. Therefore, we chose CD105, CD29, CD44 and CD34 to identify MSCs. Flow cytometry showed that CD105, CD29 and CD44 were positive, and CD34 was negative (Figure 1(A)). Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation experiments uncovered that after oil red O staining, there were red lipid droplets in the cells; in the osteogenic medium, Alizarin Red stained cubes and formed mineralized nodules, indicating that the cells had multi-directional differentiation abilities (Figure 1(B)).
Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma Diagnosed by Nasal Biopsy in a Patient Presenting with Bilateral Ptosis and Ophthalmoplegia
Published in Orbit, 2023
Diane Wang, Charlotte L. Marous, Fatih Ozay, Alisa Timashpolsky, Rahul D. Gulati, Susan R.S. Gottesman, Marina Boruk, Roman Shinder, Nickisa M. Hodgson
The histopathology of IVLBCL reveals involvement of small-to-medium sized vessels by lymphoma cells. The cells are large, with multiple prominent nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and frequent mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry shows CD20 positivity in most cases. There is lack of CD29 and CD54, which are cell surface proteins critical for lymphocyte transvascular migration. CD5 positivity is variable, with reports ranging from 22% to 75%. CD5 positivity has been associated with poorer prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, but this has not been found for IVLBCL.4,5
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