Genital candidiasis
Shiv Shanker Pareek in The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
Candidiasis is a yeast fungal infection which can affect any part of the body, particularly warm, moist areas such as the vagina, mouth and armpits. Candida is always present on the body and certain physiological factors cause the fungus to flourish and cause infection. There are more than 150 species of Candida including: Candida albicans.Candida tropicalis.Candida glabrata.Candida krusei.Candida parapsilosis.Candida dubliniensis.Candida lusitaniae.
Fungal infections causing emergencies
Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma in Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a spectrum of syndromes, including (a) bloodstream infection (BSI) or candidemia, (b) deep-seated Candida infections in the presence of BSI, and (c) deep-seated infections without BSI. Each contributes to almost a third of intensive care unit invasive candidiasis. The main species of Candida that are found to cause IC are Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Candida tropicalis. Candida parapsilosis has the tendency to cause device and central catheter infections. Bronchial Candida isolates are generally considered nonpathogenic and reflect colonization.
Aetiology and Laboratory Diagnosis
Raimo E Suhonen, Rodney P R Dawber, David H Ellis in Fungal Infections of the Skin, Hair and Nails, 2020
Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic human pathogen that may cause both superficial cutaneous infections (especially of the nail) and systemic disease (especially endocarditis). Other clinical manifestations include endophthalmitis and fungaemia. Environmental isolations have been made from intertidal and oceanic waters, pickle brine, cured meats, olives and normal skin, and faeces.
Bendamustine treatment of haematological malignancies: significant risks of opportunistic viral, fungal and bacterial infections
Published in Hematology, 2022
Tony K.Y. Wu, Karen H.K. Tang, Yu-Yan Hwang, Thomas S.Y. Chan, Eric Tse, Yok-Lam Kwong
IFD was found in five patients. Notably, four patients received bendamustine as first-line treatment. IFD is unusual in patients with lymphoid malignancies undergoing first-line chemotherapy, so that anti-fungal prophylaxis is considered unnecessary [24]. However, bendamustine appears to have increased the risk of IFD. In two patients not receiving anti-fungal prophylaxis, yeast fungemia occurred. One patient had cryptococcemia, a condition typically found only in immunocompromised patients [25]. Arguably, this case might have been prevented with a simple azole such as fluconazole. In the three cases receiving anti-fungal prophylaxis, breakthrough IFDs might be caused by inherently resistant fungi. Two patients receiving echinocandin prophylaxis developed pulmonary mould infection. The rate of breakthrough invasive mould infections including invasive aspergillosis was about 5–7% in patients receiving echinocandins [26]. The third patient receiving itraconazole prophylaxis developed Candida parapsilosis fungemia. In in vitro studies, the sensitivities of Candida parapsiolosis isolates to posaconazole and voriconazole were 100% and 99%, whereas that to itraconazole was only 89% [27]. As this was the patient with CMV duodenitis/colitis where a breach of mucosal defence and multiple risk factors for IFD were found, in retrospect a more potent azole such as posaconazole or isavuconazole ought to have been used in this case.
Caspofungin PK in critically ill patients after the first and fourth doses: suggestions for therapeutic drug monitoring?
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2020
C. Adembri, G. Villa, E. Rosi, L. Tofani, S. Fallani, A. R. De Gaudio, A. Novelli
Patients’ mean age was 64.5 ± 14.1 (range 29–82); there were 18 males and 2 females, all of them were Caucasian. Nine out of 20 patients had a body weight >80 kg (mean body weight 82.3 ± 16.2). Eleven patients entered the ICU for a medical cause and 9 had a surgical admission. The main comorbidities were diabetes (n = 5), arterial hypertension (n = 14), cardiac diseases (n = 8), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 6) and thyroid disorders (n = 2). The mean APACHE II score was 18 ± 6.5. Six patients died within the first 3 days of the ICU stay; 4 more patients died after day 3, during their ICU/hospital stay. Data collection relative to the fourth dose was therefore completed on 14 patients only. In the whole patient sample, one blood culture resulted positive for Candida parapsilosis. No caspofungin-related adverse events were observed.
Inhibitory effect of a lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis on planktonic and sessile cells of Trichosporon spp.
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro, Ewerton Weslley Caracas Cedro, Ana Raquel Colares Andrade, Rosana Serpa, Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Jonathas Sales de Oliveira, Vandbergue Santos Pereira, Lucas Pereira Alencar, Patrícia Bruna Leite Mendes, Bárbara Cibelle Soares Farias, Vânia Maria Maciel Melo, Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante, José Júlio Costa Sidrim, Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
Susceptibility tests were performed in 96-well microdilution plates (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2008). Each drug was tested in the following concentrations: 0.031–16 μg ml−1 for AMB and VRC; 0.125–64 μg ml−1 for FLC and 4.8–2.5 μg ml−1 for TIM96. Plates were incubated at 35°C and fungal growth was visually read after 24 and 48 h. For AMB, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the lowest drug concentration that caused complete inhibition of growth (MIC100); for azoles MICs were defined as the lowest concentration that caused a 50% reduction in growth (MIC50), when compared to the drug-free growth control (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2008). MIC50 and MIC100 were registered for TIM96. Isolates were tested in triplicate. Controls were grown in RPMI medium without antimicrobials. Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was included as quality control for each test (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2008). The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was defined as the lowest concentration that completely inhibited fungal growth, after seeding 0.1 ml of the fungal suspensions onto PDA and incubating at 35°C for 48 h (Cantón et al. 2004).