Introduction to the Postconcussion Syndrome
Rolland S. Parker in Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
The site of noncerebral trauma has been described by the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) (Fearnside & Simson, 2005) as head or neck, face, chest, abdomen or pelvic contents, extremities or pelvic girdle, external. Additional trauma sites are the spinal column and other bones, muscles, fascia, and viscera. One sample of 8-year-old children manifested 26% multiple injuries (Klonoff et al., 1995). The brain and soma interact with profound holistic behavioral and physiological changes. Adaptation is the integrated way in which a person or species copes with its environment: genetic (hereditary), phenotypic (expression of genes in a particular personal history), and stylistic (learning and preferences). It is assumed that TBI interferes with flexibility and capacity to deal with complex and difficult problems. Substantial inability to cope is indicated by later difficulties in school, employment, family relations, and community participation.
The Functions of Dreams
Milton Kramer in The Dream Experience, 2013
The concept of adaptation in biology focuses on the survival value of some aspect of a living organism’s function and is a cornerstone of evolutionary theory. Fishbein (Fishbein, 1976) has suggested that characteristics (1) may have survival value at their time of occurrence, (2) may not have survival value at their time of occurrence but are needed to build or combine with another characteristic that will have survival value at a later time, (3) do not have survival value but are the result of characteristics that do, or (4) do not have survival value and are not the outcome of characteristics that do. Dynamic functional theories, e.g., anthropologic, developmental, personality, and clinical theories, fall under characteristics one or two. Cognitive and biological theories, e.g., the static functional theories, emphasize categories three and four.
Contemplative Principles and Practices
Bobbi Patterson in Building Resilience Through Contemplative Practice, 2019
Eugene Odum’s household model embraced a similar reliance approach reflecting contextual and multi-layered views of life systems. How, when, and why does adaptation emerge? Interestingly, in Odum’s famous book, Fundamentals of Ecology,5 he notes that his Russian scientific colleagues prefer the terms “biocoenosis” and “biogeocoenosis” to the term life system. In Greek, the word “bio” means life. “Coenosis,” in Greek, finds roots in the word “koinonia” typically translated as community. I imagine the Russian environmental scientists used these terms because they root in the Cyrilic linguistic forms of the Russian language and science. They take inspiration from Greek and European scientific derivations from Latin. I also believe these scientists recognized the resonance of household with Russia’s immense history of Christian monasticism.
Adapting a Cognitive Dissonance-based Eating Disorders Prevention Program for Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2023
Paige J. Trojanowski, Robyn Mehlenbeck, Sarah Fischer
Adaptation is a “systematically planned and proactive process of modification with the aim to fit the intervention into a new context and enhance its acceptability” (Movsisyan et al., 2019, p. 8). It follows basic phases of assessment, preparation, and implementation and is often iterative (McKleroy et al., 2006; Movsisyan et al., 2019). The first steps of adapting a prevention program for a special population include defining the problem (increased risk for EDs among girls with T1D), assessing the target population (observing their needs and understanding underlying risk factors), examining available programs, their mechanisms of change, and their potential to create change in the target population, and choosing the most optimal one (selecting Body Project). Successful program adaptation also relies on researcher–stakeholder partnership (Nastasi et al., 2000), as stakeholder involvement is necessary for understanding needs and generating new content to improve the program’s effectiveness (O’Cathain et al., 2019). Furthermore, program acceptability develops as a byproduct (Nastasi et al., 2000).
From tangled banks to toxic bunnies; a reflection on the issues involved in developing an ecosystem approach for environmental radiation protection
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Carmel E. Mothersill, Deborah H. Oughton, Paul N. Schofield, Michael Abend, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Nicholas A. Beresford, Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati, Jason Cohen, Yuri Dubrova, Stanislav A. Geras’kin, Tanya Helena Hevrøy, Kathryn A. Higley, Nele Horemans, Awadhesh N. Jha, Lawrence A. Kapustka, Juliann G. Kiang, Balázs G. Madas, Gibin Powathil, Elena I. Sarapultseva, Colin B. Seymour, Nguyen T. K. Vo, Michael D. Wood
This statement was designed to address the role of adaptation and evolution. Biota can adapt in response to new stimuli and invoke protective mechanisms that are essentially heritable and conserved, and molecularly predicated, in the interest of survival. Such adaptation could occur in response to environmental exposure to low-dose radiation (Audette-Stuart et al. 2011; Mothersill et al. 2013; Lampe et al. 2017; Beresford et al. 2020b). These processes draw attention to the fact that the current environmental radiation protection regulation adapted from the human framework essentially measures or models dose and compares this to benchmarks below which impacts on individuals (mortality, morbidity, fecundity) likely to lead to population level effects are not anticipated (Howard et al. 2010). This can miss long-term processes playing out over generations in populations. It is difficult for humans to make the conceptual jump from individual-level short-term effects to very long-term ecosystem-level effects.
Going Back to Normal
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2021
Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud
Homeostasis has found useful applications in the social sciences as well. In psychology it refers to how a person under conflicting stresses and motivations can maintain a stable emotional state under varying psychological pressures. From a societal perspective it means maintaining stable social conditions in a group under varying social, environmental, or political stressors (Rodolfo, 2000; Simonet, 2010). Closely related to the concept of homeostasis is that of adaptation, the process by which a species becomes fitted to its environment; or modifies itself to fit a changing environment. Although seeking stability, the process is dynamic as organisms adjust as the environment changes. The concept transcends disciplines and is used in biology, psychology, sociology, medicine, and nursing, among others (Simonet, 2010). Sister Callista Roy developed an adaptation nursing model to explain and guide the provision of nursing care. Roy’s (2014) model depicts humans as holistic (biopsychosocial) beings that are in constant interaction with their environment. For human beings, life is constantly changing and presenting new challenges. Humans use a system of adaptation, both innate and acquired, to respond to the environmental changes they experience and to grow and develop within these changing environments.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Allele Frequency
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- Evolution
- Phenotypic Trait
- Natural Selection
- Fitness
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- Exaptation
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