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Niemann-Pick disease
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
What we think of as the classic type B patient is an adult or older adolescent who comes to attention because of splenomegaly found incidentally on physical examination (Figures 91.7 and 91.8) [37–39]. Some of these patients have had sea-blue histiocytes in marrow [37] or tissues [39] and this type has been called the Lewis variant [37]. Such patients may have elevation of the serum level of acid phosphatase. The King Faisal series included 35 patients. Pancytopenia may result from hypersplenism, and splenectomy may be required. Splenic rupture has been described [37]. Patients have been described in whom there were no neurologic abnormalities well into adult life [5, 39–41]. This may be one phenotype.
Fever In Oncology
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
In patients presenting with fever, emphasis has to be placed on a detailed history and meticulous physical examination. There are two distinct possibilities present in these patients. One possibility is that fever presents in patients without known diagnosis of a neoplasm. In the search of a tumor, the presence of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin lesions should not be overlooked. Appropriate imaging techniques should be used, and any suspicious findings may provide tissue for diagnosis or for the stimulus for further appropriate studies.10 Baseline laboratory data are usually not specific enough to distinguish among different causes of FUO — tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein in hepatoma or carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) for gastrointestinal tumors may be of some help. Elevated acid phosphatase levels may suggest the diagnosis of advanced prostate carcinoma.21-23
The Treatment of Advanced Prostatic Cancer with Drugs and Hormones
Published in Nicholas Bruchovsky, James H. Goldie, Drug and Hormone Resistance in Neoplasia, 2019
Recently, a number of immunological methods have been developed for acid phosphatase, particularly radioimmunoassay. These have the advantage of high sensitivity and also are not dependent on enzyme stability. Specificity and standardization problems remain.84, 85 The emphasis has been on detection and staging. As with other markers, the main role may lie in monitoring treatment. In a small study from Finland,86 there was a good correlation between the chemical and immunological methods. Because of greater sensitivity, radioimmunoassay could follow response in a higher proportion of patients over a wider range. Undoubtedly much more information of this type will be forthcoming in the near future.
Rutin nanosuspension for potential management of osteoporosis: effect of particle size reduction on oral bioavailability, in vitro and in vivo activity
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Sonia Gera, Venkatesh Pooladanda, Chandraiah Godugu, Veerabhadra Swamy Challa, Jitendra Wankar, Sujatha Dodoala, Sunitha Sampathi
For biochemical estimation, each group was housed in a metabolic cage for 24 h before sacrifice and supplied with deionized water. Urine samples were collected and acidified with hydrochloric acid (6 mol/l) (0.03% v/v). Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and collected serum was stored until further analysis. The estimation of calcium and phosphorus levels in treated, non- treated or a control serum and urine were performed using the colorimetric technique by biochemical kit (Calcium 100 Accurex diagnostics, Mumbai). The serum total protein, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase levels were also determined as per standard protocols mentioned with the respective biochemical kit. The body weights were measured on the 30th and 90th day. At the completion of the study, animals were sacrificed by CO2 euthanasia and the uterine horns separated and weighed.
Testosterone, testosterone therapy and prostate cancer
Published in The Aging Male, 2019
A. Yassin, K. AlRumaihi, R. Alzubaidi, S. Alkadhi, A. Al Ansari
The association between testosterone and prostate cancer stems from the landmark reports of Huggins and co-workers. In this initial study, it was reported that the serum marker acid phosphatase was not only dramatically reduced following castration of men with metastatic prostate cancer, but also increased by the administration of testosterone [4]; additionally, a follow-up report further highlighted the clinical benefits of castration against the administration of testosterone [5] allowing for the conclusion that testosterone administration caused “enlarged growth” of prostate cancer. In light of such evidence, castration was presented as the first effective treatment for metastatic prostate cancer and the procedure was to rapidly become common practise for advanced disease. Additional reports [6,7] further corroborated the administration of testosterone in men with prostate cancer led to rapid and poor outcomes.
Fertaric Acid Protects from Octylphenol-Related Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Biochemical, Molecular, and Histopathological Studies
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
Khaled M. M. Koriem, Mahmoud S. S. Arbid
Serum transaminases (AST and ALT) were determined according to Reitman and Frankel (1957). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were determined by the method of Kind & King (1954). Serum γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) activity was done according to Szasz (1976). Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was estimated according to the method of Weisshaar et al. (1975). Serum total bilirubin determination was performed according to Walter and Gerard's (1970) method. Serum and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated according to Suttle's (1986) method. Serum and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined according to Pagalia and Valentine's (1967) method. Serum and liver catalase (CAT) activity assays were measured according to the method described by Aebi (1984). Serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is a measure of lipid peroxidation, were measured by the method of Okhawa et al. (1979). Serum and liver tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by the method of DeCicco et al. (1998). Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined according to the method of Stelmasiak et al. (2000).