Extending the field to therapy with toddlers and parents
Björn Salomonsson in Psychodynamic Interventions in Pregnancy and Infancy, 2018
My contemplations of this interaction bring me to orality. Ever since Freud (1905) and Abraham (1927), analytic theory has assumed that experiences during an infant’s “oral phase” will leave an imprint on his personality. The term goes beyond stating the obvious; a baby uses the mouth for ingestion and investigation. “Oral” rather signifies that the first mode by which a baby interprets and organizes emotional and cognitive experiences is built up according to a “grammar” or matrix that parallels the mouth’s functioning. We do not only refer to its sensorial aspects like sucking and kissing, but also to modes of work such as ingesting, chewing, swallowing, or spitting out. These physiological events are then imbued with psychological meaning. Many embodied metaphors (Lakoff & Johnson, 1999) illustrate this transfer from bodily matters to primal mental experiences. We “devour” our beloved but give our enemy “biting” comments. The ignoramus “swallows” any information, whereas the cynic excels in “bitter” and “sour” comments. Such “conflations” (p. 46) between sensorimotor mouth experiences and emotions are, psychoanalytically speaking, oral metaphors. More about this in Chapter 19!
ENTRIES A–Z
Philip Winn in Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
The term MOUTH (or oral cavity) barely requires definition, but it is important to recognize the several different parts in and around the mouth. The PALATE is the roof of the mouth and is divided into the soft palate (at the rear) and the hard palate (at the front). The OROPHARYNX is that part of the mouth between the soft palate and the EPIGLOTTIS. Receptors in the oropharynx are important in signalling information about the foods and fluids present in the mouth to the brain. Behind the oropharynx is the PHARYNX—which is what, in everyday language, one would call the throat. It is obviously involved in the mechanics of swallowing food and water but, unlike the oropharynx, is not involved in detecting the composition of foods and fluids. The pharynx leads to both the TRACHEA (the windpipe) and the OESOPHAGOUS (esophagus in American spelling) The epiglottis is the flap of cartilage that covers the GLOTTIS—which is the opening to the LARYNX and the TRACHEA. The larynx is the upper part of the windpipe and is important in SPEECH PRODUCTION; the trachea connects to the bronchi in the lungs. The epiglottis functions to guard the trachea during swallowing of food, which is of course destined to travel down the oesophagous to the STOMACH.
Enhancing Communication Competencies
Michael J. Madson in Teaching Writing in the Health Professions, 2021
Wallman et al.’s systematic review of communications training in pharmacy education revealed that communication skills instruction in pharmacy curricula occurred through a variety of learning activities across the curriculum, and communication skills were mostly divided into two broad categories: oral communication skills and written communication skills.10 Oral communication skills were divided into two subcategories: interpersonal communication and presentation skills. Interpersonal communication skills included patient-focused communication and interdisciplinary communication. Presentation skills involved formal presentations to an audience on a topic or idea. Written communication skills were further organized into three subcategories: academic, clinical, and reflective writing. Academic writing skills included research papers, essays, curriculum vitae, and letters of intent. Clinical writing skills included SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan) notes, patient-care plans, written patient medical histories, and written patient educational materials. Reflective writing included self-reflective exercises and papers on student attitudes toward interdisciplinary teamwork and pharmacy practice experiences. Most educational interventions included in the review were designed to address multiple communication skills at once. For example, interpersonal communication skills were often taught alongside clinical writing or presentation skills. Also, reflective writing exercises were often used as a follow-up to a specific activity, such as a simulated patient interaction or interdisciplinary activity.
Challenges in the management of HIV infection: update on the role of probiotic supplementation as a possible complementary therapeutic strategy for cART treated people living with HIV/AIDS
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2019
Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Maura Statzu, Letizia Santinelli, Claudia Pinacchio, Camilla Bitossi, Eugenio Nelson Cavallari, Vincenzo Vullo, Carolina Scagnolari, GabrieIla d’Ettorre
The different mechanisms of probiotic action appear to be strain-specific: although the most common strains are represented by Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, which have demonstrated health benefits on the human body when administered in adequate amounts, many other different bacterial strains can be included in commercially available probiotic products. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are known to be involved in essential physiological functions like stimulation of immune response, prevention of pathogenic and opportunistic microbial/bacterial colonization, production of short-chain fatty acids, metabolism of carcinogenic substances and synthesis of vitamins such as B and K [14,28]. Moreover, dead bacteria and their component can also exhibit probiotic properties [29]. Recently it has been introduced the concept of ‘oral bacteriotherapy’, that includes 3 slightly different agents: probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics [30].
Integrative multiomics analysis reveals host-microbe-metabolite interplays associated with the aging process in Singaporeans
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Liwei Chen, Tingting Zheng, Yifan Yang, Prem Prashant Chaudhary, Jean Pui Yi Teh, Bobby K. Cheon, Daniela Moses, Stephan C. Schuster, Joergen Schlundt, Jun Li, Patricia L. Conway
Daily oral hygiene habits (e.g., frequency of toothbrushing, efficacy of plaque removal) are constantly influencing the oral microflora throughout life. Toothbrushing and flossing can be powerful means to disrupt plaque and maintain healthy oral ecosystems. It was found that individuals who brush their teeth once per day have a higher Shannon index than those who brush more than once per day.69 Poor oral hygiene might lead to an overgrowth of pathogenic microorganisms and the entry of oral microorganisms to the lower respiratory tract.70 Multiple studies indicating oral health and oral hygiene behavior have a direct impact on the oral microbiome71,72 and influence the balance of gut microbiome.73 Oral hygiene habits should be taken into account for future microbiome studies, especially oral microbiome studies.
Introducing a comprehensive high-stake online exam to final-year dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluation of its effectiveness
Published in Medical Education Online, 2020
Khaled Khalaf, Mohamed El-Kishawi, Mohammad Adel Moufti, Sausan Al Kawas
Almost all the academic staff at the College have been involved in setting up the exam, grading or invigilation pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Engagement of faculty members in the process of exam preparation was essential as they focused on the real needs for didactic knowledge, clinical acumen, and communication skill needed in today’s excellent dentist. The MCQ, MEQ, and OSCE exam questions were reviewed carefully by a group of faculty some of whom are stream coordinators who are responsible for compiling and organizing the exam papers in order to make sure that questions were appropriate and measured the intended learning outcomes. The oral exam was conducted to test the students’ ability to communicate their knowledge through a discussion of cases presented by a panel of examiners from three different fields of dentistry.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Digestive System
- Mouth
- Sublingual Administration
- Taste
- Tooth Decay
- Route of Administration
- Oral Medicine
- Medical Prescription
- Buccal Administration
- Sublabial Administration