Surgical Facilities, Peri-Operative Care, Anesthesia, and Surgical Techniques
Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman in Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Dissociative agents include ketamine and the combination agent tiletamine-zolazepam (Tela-zol).20 These agents may be used to induce animals into a state of dissociative anesthesia causing them to be unaware of their surroundings but with only mild analgesia. Animals will not have muscle relaxation and will have mild clonic/tonic types of muscular activity. These agents are extremely useful for chemical restraint of approximately 20 min. in most species. They may be used as part of a general anesthesia protocol when combined with other agents. Their use as general anesthetics is discussed under injectable agents. Ketamine causes a transient tachycardia with minimal hemodynamic effects. The cardiovascular effects of Telazol may be more pronounced in some species.11-16
Induction of Anesthesia
Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed in Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Tiletamine and zolazepam: These two drugs come pre-mixed under the trade names of Telazol and Zoletil. The induction has similar attributes compared to ketamine and midazolam but has been associated with prolonged recoveries.
Effect of Human Placental Extract Treatment on Random-Pattern Skin Flap Survival in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Jung Woo Kwon, Seung Eun Hong, So Ra Kang, Bo Young Park
Animals were anesthetized using an intraperitoneal dose of tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil 50, Virbac, Carros, France; 0.1 mL/100 g body weight). A preoperative, intramuscular dose of cefazolin sodium (0.1 mg/kg) was also administered for infection prophylaxis. Prior to surgery, the dorsal skin of each animal was shaved and cleansed using povidone-iodine. The same surgeon created a cranially based skin flap (10 × 3 cm) on the shaved dorsum of each rat. The flap was elevated beneath the panniculus carnosus using the McFarlane's skin flap model.24 The palpable hip joints were used as anatomical landmarks to define the flap base. When perforating vessels were found in the flap base, the vessels were electrically cauterized to create flaps with a completely random vascular pattern. Each flap was then sutured back to its donor site using 4-0 black silk. Following surgery, the rats in the treatment groups received daily (days 0–6) HPE administrations.
Efficacy of Topical Hemostatic Agents: A Comparative Evaluation of Two Gelatin/Thrombin-Based Hemostatic Matrices in a Porcine Kidney Surgical Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Paul Slezak, Philipp Heher, Xavier Monforte, Claudia Keibl, Heinz Redl, Daniel Spazierer, Heinz Gulle
Before surgery, each animal was anesthetized with tiletamine/zolazepam (Zoletil; Virbac, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK; ∼7 mg/kg bodyweight). The pigs were then intubated and further inhalation anesthesia (isoflurane and oxygen) was administered. Intraoperatively the animals received acetate-buffered crystalloid solution (Elomel; Fresenius Kabi, Graz, Austria; 10 mL/kg/h), sufentanil 0.008 mg/kg/h and rocuronium bromide 5 mg/kg/h. A mean arterial blood pressure between 80 and 110 mmHg was maintained using L-noradrenaline and hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven; Fresenius Kabi, Graz, Austria). At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized under deep anesthesia with a lethal dose of thiopental sodium and embutramide/mebezonium iodine/tetracaine hydrochloride (T61; Hoechst Marion Roussel, Brussels, Belgium).
Expression of Claudin-4 in Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Lung Transplantation
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Antonia Luna-Flores, J. Raúl Olmos-Zuñiga, Rogelio Jasso-Victoria, Miguel Gaxiola-Gaxiola, Teresa Aguirre-Pérez, Victor Ruiz, Rogelio García-Torrentera, Mariana Silva-Martínez, Edgar Zenteno, Gabriel Gutierrez-Ospina, Patricio Santillan-Doherty
All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Restraint and management were achieved using tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg/kg, IM. Zoletil, Virbac, Carros, France). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg, IV. Recofol, PISA, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico). Animals were maintained under anesthesia during surgery with 2% isoflurane (Forane, Abbott Mexico S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico) and fentanyl (0.1 mg/kg, IV. Fentanest, Janssen-Cilag, Puebla, Mexico) as analgesics. Animals were maintained under ventilation with an mechanical ventilator (AVEA, Vyasis Respiratory Care Inc., Palm Springs, CA, USA) in assist-control mode at a frequency of 15 breaths per min, tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2%) of 50% to maintain a peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) of at least 90% and normal pO2 and pCO2 levels, trigger of 2, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O, and inspiration:expiration ratio of 1:2 s. At the end of the LTx, the lungs were ventilated with the same FiO2, and only the respiratory rate was adjusted (increased) to maintain a pCO2 level between 35 and 40 mmHg [24].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Ketamine
- Receptor Antagonist
- Tiletamine
- Xylazine
- Benzodiazepine
- Adrenergic Receptor
- Agonist
- Anesthetic
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- N-Methyl-D-Aspartic Acid