Functional Foods
Datta Sourya, Debasis Bagchi in Extreme and Rare Sports, 2019
Zingiber officinale is a flowering plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. Its rhizome or root is called ginger. Ginger is a popular spice and used commonly in food to give flavor (due to volatile oil) with various biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic, hence it is used as a dietary supplement. Zingerone and gingerols are the two major active components of ginger (Srinivasan, 2017). Furthermore, ginger is shown to display both analgesics (pain killer-inhibit prostaglandins synthesis) and ergogenic properties owing to its bronchodilatory and gastroprotective properties, along with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory (inhibit COX and iNOS expression) and anti-emetic activities; hence it is effective against exercise-induced fatigue and pain (Anosike et al., 2009; Wilson, 2015; Wilson et al., 2015). Zehsaz and his colleagues (2014) concluded that consumption of dried ginger powder by runners would significantly suppress the pro-inflammatory markers and thus indirectly lower the pain in their randomized, double-blind, parallel trial. Nevertheless, there was no significant evidence to showcase the direct ergogenic property of ginger.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat in Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Ginger, known as Zingiber officinale, is a root used as an ingredient and spice in many countries for centuries. This root contains many potent phytonutrients and has been used traditionally by many ancient cultures for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (Langner, Greifenberg, and Gruenwald 1998). Modern research has also provided evidence for its ability to be useful for the treatment of disease such as cancer, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (Rahimlou, Yari, Hekmatdoost, Alavian, and Keshavarz 2016). In regard to NAFLD, research suggests that ginger may reduce inflammatory markers associated with the progression of NAFLD. In a double-blind randomized study of 44 patients with NAFLD, 2 g of ginger daily for 12 weeks along with a modified diet and physical activity program was found to have reduced NAFLD-related liver enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in comparison to placebo (Rahimlou et al. 2016).
Role of Natural Agents in the Management of Diabetes
Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg in Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
The main bioactive compounds of Zingiber officinale are gingerol, shogaol, and zerumbone. Whereas shogaol, and zerumbone exert the antioxidant effects, gingerol is particularly responsible for the antidiabetic potential of ginger (Rahman et al., 2014). It was demonstrated that ginger inhibits α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and enzymes involved in gluconeo-genesis and glycogenolysis, enhances insulin sensitivity and its release, increases glucose uptake through translocation of the GLUT4 to the cell surface and improves the lipid profile (Li. et al., 2012). Mozaffari-Khosravi et al. (2014) have shown that daily administration of ginger powder (3 g for 8 weeks) may improve insulin resistance and reduce both FBG and HbA1c values.
The role of ginger’s extract and N-acetylcysteine against docetaxel-induced oxidative stress and genetic disorder
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Farzaneh Motafeghi, Parham Mortazavi, Amir Hossein Salman Mahiny, Mohammad Mehdi Abtahi, Mohammad Shokrzadeh
Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, is a plant of the Zingiberaceae family. It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) which are about one meter tall and also bear narrow leaf blades. It is indigenous to Southeast Asia, and for centuries, it has played an essential role in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Unani-Tibb herbal medicine for disease treatment. It has been highly theorized that ginger could benefit human health due to its antioxidant properties. The main components of ginger are 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol. These constituents have previously demonstrated potent in-vitro antioxidant activity. Ginger extract has shown to reduce oxidative stress and increase plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (de WAARD and ANUNCIADO 1999, Atashak et al. 2014). It has been used as a spice and herbal medicine throughout time (Han et al. 2013, Mao et al. 2019). Ginger is rich in phenolic and terpenes compounds such as gingerol, shogaol, polysaccharides, lipids, and fiber (Stoner 2013). Studies have shown that ginger extract has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity. It has also been shown to increase the activity of antioxidant factors such as SOD, catalase, and GPx. The results of cellular and molecular studies have shown that ginger can also inhibit oxidative stress factors (Hosseinzadeh et al. 2017).
Alternative processing technology for the preparation of carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma by stir-frying with sand
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Shen Mei-Yu, Wang Jia-Li, Shi Hai-Pei, Yan Hui, Chen Pei-Dong, Yao Wei-Feng, Bao Bei-Hua, Zhang Li
Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as ginger, is one of the most important plant species, and of high value in the world for its various uses such as spice and medicine (Sharifi-Rad et al. 2017; Arablou and Aryaeian 2018; Mao et al. 2019). In China, ginger has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. The processed ginger products as listed in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission 2015) mainly include fresh ginger, dried ginger, prepared dried ginger and carbonized ginger. Carbonized ginger, also called ‘Jiangtan’, is the carbonized product of the pieces of dried ginger by simple stir-frying technology, and traditionally used for the treatment of hematochezia, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis with known warming meridian and hemostasis effects in accordance with the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. However, there are some concerns about the processing method such as an inhomogeneous heating process and emitting smoke, which are potentially harmful to the quality of carbonized ginger and the health of workers.
Drug discovery strategies for modulating oxidative stress in gastrointestinal disorders
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Taraneh Mousavi, Nastaran Hadizadeh, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Mohammad Abdollahi
Zingiber officinale (Ginger), having phenolic compounds of gingerol, shogaol, paradol, and zingerone, is one of the attractive candidates over the past 5 years. 6-gingerol (6-GR), the most pharmacologically active compound of ginger, has shown capability in reserving antioxidants along with markedly reducing lipid peroxidation and inflammation biomarkers (esp. TNF-α and IL-1β), both in the short-term (14 days) [180] and long-term (64 days) [181] treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC)-induced models. Moreover, after 24 weeks of treatment, 6-GR showed higher efficacy than the positive control (5-fluorouracil) in improving the level of GSH, CAT, and GST in the gastric cancer model [182]. It was also proved to be promising in the betterment of diarrhea [183]. Other than 6-GR, 8-, 10-gingerol refined UC through affecting TNF-α, IL-1β, SOD, and MDA [184]; however, further studies are needed to support their effectiveness.
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