Antipsoriatic Medicinal Plants
José L. Martinez, Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Mahendra Rai in Ethnobotany, 2019
Other relevant mediators in psoriasis are matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and its inhibition by Scrophularia striata extract and some isolated compounds were studied by Monsef-Esfahani et al. (2014). Among these isolated compounds, the inhibitory effects of nepitrin at 20 μg/mL (56%) and acteoside at 80 μg/mL (73%) on MMP-2 and MMP-9 were remarkable. Lipoxygenase and elastase could also be potential therapeutic targets in psoriasis. In this sense, Prieto et al. (2003) screened 15 extracts from traditional Chinese medicinal plants/fungi used to treat topical inflammations such as psoriasis. They were screened for their inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and elastase activity in intact leukocytes and platelets. Astragalus propinquus (syn: Astragalus membranaceus), Forsythia suspensa and Wolfiporia extensa (syn: Poria cocos) inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 values of 141, 80 and 141 μg/mL, respectively). Angelica dahurica, Angelica pubescens, F. suspensa and W. extensa also inhibited elastase (IC50 values of 80, 123, 68 and 93 μg/mL, respectively). Previously, Cuéllar et al. (1996) had demonstrated the inhibitory effect of W. extensa extract and its metabolites dehydrotumulosic and pachymic acids on phospholipase A2 activity as well as experimental dermatitis (Cuéllar et al. 1997).
Decontextualised Chinese medicines
Vivienne Lo, Michael Stanley-Baker, Dolly Yang in Routledge Handbook of Chinese Medicine, 2022
In addition, a multi-herbal preparation is registered in Germany, which originally came from Japan. The registered medicine is based on a formulation – Rikkunshito – defined in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP 2017), and in Europe it is indicated for the relief of mild gastrointestinal disorders, such as loss of appetite, malaise and bloating. It contains defined quantities of eight drugs: rootstock of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. – Renshen 人參;rootstock of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. – Cangzhu 蒼朮 (as Atractylodes japonica);fruiting body of Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns – Fuling 茯苓 (syn. Poria cocos F.A.Wolf);rhizome of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.). – Banxia 半夏Makino;fruit peel of Citrus deliciosa Ten. – Chenpi 陳皮 (Unshiu);fruit of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. – Dazao 大棗;rootstock of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. – Gancao 甘草 and related spp.;rootstock of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. – Shengjiang 生薑.
In vitro assessment of the inhibitory effect of goreisan extract and its ingredients on the P-glycoprotein drug transporter and cytochrome P-450 metabolic enzymes
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Mikina Takiyama, Takashi Matsumoto, Noriko Kaifuchi, Yasuharu Mizuhara, Eiji Warabi, Katsuya Ohbuchi, Kazushige Mizoguchi
To assess the inhibitory effect of goreisan extract on drug transporters, extract powder (lot no. 2200017010), the base powder of goreisan without excipients, was obtained from Tsumura & Co. (Tokyo, Japan). It is prepared by spray-drying a hot water extract of a mixture of the following five crude drugs: Alismatis Tuber (the tuber of Alisma orientale Juzepczuk, 27.6%), Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma (the roots of Atractylodes lancea De Candolle, Atractylodes chinensis Koidzumi, 20.7%), Polyporus (the sclerotium of Polyporus umbellatus Fries, 20.7%), Poria (the sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos Ryvarden et Gilbertson, 20.7%), and Cinnamomi Cortex (the bark or periderm of Cinnamomum cassia Blume, 10.3%). The drug was manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practices as defined by the MHLW. [3H]-Digoxin (969.4 GBq/mmol) and [3H]-mannitol (588 GBq/mmol) were obtained from Perkin-Elmer, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Digoxin was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Mannitol was purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Verapamil hydrochloride was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). Foetal bovine serum, nonessential amino acids, and a mixed solution of penicillin, streptomycin, and glutamine used for Caco-2 cell culture were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Mechanism of TangGanJian on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Yanbo Fan, Wei Xiong, Jingjing Li, Aimin Hu, Zhiwei He, Jiawen Zhang, Guoyun Zhou, Qiang Yin
The high-fat and high-sugar (HFS) diet (87.5% basic feed, 10% lard, 2% cholesterol, 0.5% sodium cholate) and TGJ (8.47% White Paeony root 10 g, 8.47% Angelica sinensis 10 g, 6.8% Bupleurum chinense 8 g, 8.47% Wolfiporia cocos 10 g, 8.47% Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz 10 g, 16.95% Artemisiacapillaris Thunb 20 g, 16.95% Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc 20 g, 16.95% Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill 20 g, 8.47% Coptis chinensis Franch 10 g) were made in Wuhan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Pioglitazone was obtained from Nanjing Pharmaceutical Factory (Nanjing, China). Rat TNF-α ELISA kit was purchased from CUSABIO (Wuhan, China). ELISA kits for rat IL-6, IL-1β and CRP were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, China). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) kits were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).
Therapeutic manipulation of gut microbiota by polysaccharides of Wolfiporia cocos reveals the contribution of the gut fungi-induced PGE2 to alcoholic hepatic steatosis
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Shanshan Sun, Kai Wang, Li Sun, Baosong Cheng, Shanshan Qiao, Huanqin Dai, Wenyu Shi, Juncai Ma, Hongwei Liu
The interactions between or among the intestinal bacteria, fungi, and virus are very important for maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Several studies demonstrated that the obligate anaerobic bacteria in the phylum of Firmicutes played important roles in controlling the expansion of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the phylum of Proteobacteria and the colonization of commensal fungi in the gut.12,13 These findings as well as the evidence that the alcohol-induced bacterial dysbiosis and fungal overgrowth contributed to the liver inflammation and fat deposition suggest that the alcohol-caused decrease of Firmucutes may be one of the principle factors involving in the pathogenesis of ALD. Therefore, approaches that specifically promote the growth of bacteria in the phylum of Firmicutes are expecting for the treatment of ALD. In an early work, the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides that stimulate the growth of Lactobacilli and Bifdobacteria were confirmed to ameliorate the alcohol-induced liver damage in mice.5 As the edible and medicinal mushroom, the sclerotium of W. cocos is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its diuretic, sedative, and tonic effects. In our early research, oral administration with the water-insoluble polysaccharide (WIP) from Wolfiporia cocos (previously named as Poria cocos) increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the phylum of Firmicutes in ob/ob mice,14 which indicates its potentially beneficial effects on ALD. WIP is a (1-3)-β-D-glucan with an average molecular weight of 4.486 × 106 Da as identified by NMR and SEC-RI-MALLS analyses. So far, the effect of W. cocos on ALD is not investigated.
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