Nutritional Ergogenic Aids: Introduction, Definitions and Regulatory Issues
Ira Wolinsky, Judy A. Driskell in Nutritional Ergogenic Aids, 2004
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone, is a vitamin-like, lipid-soluble compound existing in all cells. It was initially isolated from animal tissues in the mid-1950s and found to be capable of undergoing reversible oxidation and reduction.1-3 This property is the key to the crucial roles of CoQ10 in the body, as a redox electron carrier in the mitochondria that is coupled to energy transfer and as an essential anti-oxidant.4,5 It is also known that CoQ10 is involved in several other cellular functions— assisting in regeneration of other antioxidants, influencing stability, fluidity and permeability of membranes, stimulating cell growth and inhibiting cell death.4,6 Approximately one half of CoQ10 is found in the
Additional Supplements That Support Glycemic Control and Reduce Chronic Inflammation
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is also known as ubiquinone. A coenzyme is a non-protein compound that is required for the biological activity of a protein. CoQ10 is ubiquitous in animals and in most bacteria, hence the name ubiquinone. This fat-soluble substance, which resembles a vitamin, is present in all respiring eukaryotic cells, primarily in the mitochondria. It participates in the cellular aerobic respiration, which generates energy in the form of ATP. It is estimated that 95% of the human body energy is generated this way. Therefore, those organs with the highest energy requirements—such as the heart, liver, and kidney—also have the highest CoQ10 concentrations (Okamoto, Matsuya, Fukunaga et al. 1989; Aberg, Appelkvist, Dallner et al. 1992).
Effect of coenzyme Q10 on the malondialdehyde level and exercise performance of male runners in Jakarta
Elida Zairina, Junaidi Khotib, Chrismawan Ardianto, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Charles D. Sands, Timothy E. Welty in Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 2017
In addressing the negative impact on exercise-induced-oxidative stress, many studies were conducted to examine the benefits of antioxidant supplementation (Urso & Clarkson, 2003, Powers et al. 2004, Williams et al. 2006). One of them is Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone or ubidecarenone. CoQ10 is a vitamin-like, fat-soluble substance present in cells. It plays an important role in transferring electrons within the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain and promoting ATP production, also acting as an essential antioxidant (Crane 2001).
New therapeutic targets in chronic kidney disease progression and renal fibrosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2020
Sandra Rayego-Mateos, Jose M. Valdivielso
Some antioxidants have been studied in experimental models and patients because of its potential in reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. The treatment of rats with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or related compounds such as mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ) showed an improvement of renal function and tubular damage in a model of DN [45]. Furthermore, there are some clinical trials testing the role of co-Q10 in CKD, ESRD, and associated diseases such as atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, and diabetes (NCT03579693; NCT00908297; NCT00307996; NCT00969956; NCT02364648). The dithiol a-lipoic acid, another mitochondrial targeting agent, demonstrated renoprotective effects in an experimental model of renal disease and hypertension [46,47]. Other natural polyphenolic compounds, such as curcumin and resveratrol, efficiently alleviated the altered biochemical and histopathological features in experimental models of AKI and CKD, by modulating NRF-2, hemooxigenase-1 (HO-1) and the NF-kB signaling pathway [48–50]. Furthermore, it has been described that resveratrol improved experimental renal fibrosis by decreasing the EMT process modulated by SIRT1, MMP7, and Transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF-β) signaling pathway [51]. Regarding studies in patients, there are several clinical trials that tested the effect of resveratrol in oxidative stress, inflammation, or serum levels of microbiota-derived uremic toxins associated with CKD (NCT03352895; NCT02433925; NCT03815786). In patients with DN, the study described a beneficial effect of resveratrol, decreasing urinary albumin excretion [52].
Rapid oral transmucosal delivery of zaleplon–lavender oil utilizing self-nanoemulsifying lyophilized tablets technology: development, optimization and pharmacokinetic evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Sarah A. Ali, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Khaled M. Hosny, Eman Alfayez, Deena M. Bukhary, Awaji Y. Safhi, Moutaz Y. Badr, Rayan Y. Mushtaq, Majed Alharbi, Bader Huwaimel, Mohammed Alissa, Sameer Alshehri, Ali H. Alamri, Taha Alqahtani
The use of NEs in the pharmaceutical industry is especially promising; a number of patents have been submitted for NE formulations, but many of these NEs have not been marketed yet (Tiwari et al., 2006). Cui et al., for example, created a unique self-microemulsifying drug delivery system that successfully increased curcumin solubility and oral absorption (Zülli et al., 2006). Similarly, previous studies have reported that the o/w NEs containing the hydrophobic anticancer drug paclitaxel overcame the drug’s low oral bioavailability. They used peanut oil as the internal oil phase, egg lecithin as the principal emulsifier, and water as the exterior phase (Zidan et al., 2015). Ubiquinone, also known as Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a naturally occurring substance in the body; it is utilized for the production of energy within cells and acts as an antioxidant agent. CoQ10 is also available as a dietary aid. In this form it may have the major drawback of low oral bioavailability as a result of its high lipophilicity. A recent study revealed the significant enhancement of the bioavailability of CoQ10 following its encapsulation in NEs. There was even more improvement with NEs that contained tocopherol and CoQ10 in separate nanodroplets (Chen et al., 2015).
Late-Onset Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy with Concurrent Retinal Detachment and Retrobulbar Visual Pathway Involvement
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2022
Xiaojun Zhang, Sean Meagher, Min Kyu Han, Jorge Kattah
He received in-patient treatment for a possible co-existing inflammatory optic neuropathy, pending the results of anti-aquaporin 4 and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and LHON mt-DNA evaluation. He received a 3-day course of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone followed by coenzyme Q10 450 mg twice per day, which was replaced 1 week later with idebenone 300 mg three times per day. The antibody tests were negative, and his cerebrospinal fluid was negative for oligoclonal bands. The genetic testing identified a mt-DNA 11778 G > A mutation confirming the diagnosis of LHON. He had follow up on November 17 and December 12, 2020. His BCVA remained stable but the VFD further progressed OS to a caeco-central scotoma with a superior near-altitudinal VFD (Figure 3b,c). OCTs during the visits revealed unchanged RNFL thinning OD and gradually progressive sectoral thinning of the RNFL OS (Figure 4a). The ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) was initially normal but then developed progressive sectoral and diffuse thinning OS (Figure 4b). At last follow up on January 15, 2021, about 3 months from onset of vision loss OS, the vision had deteriorated further OS to 20/800 and the VFD had further progressed into a diffuse large central defect (Figure 3d). He was referred to the low vision service for vision aid devices and rehabilitation.
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