Cranial Nerve Syndromes
John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff in Clinical Neurology, 2011
It usually starts with a patch of numbness, which increases in size, sometimes extending throughout the territory of the trigeminal nerve. In some patients pain or paraesthesiae may be the presenting symptoms, and progressive sensory loss then follows. Other causes of facial sensory loss are given in Table 6.4. The pathology for these may start in the pons, skull base or in the sinuses or face. Meningiomas, basal tumours, aneurysms or infiltration from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma or lymphoma are the most common symptomatic causes. Usually, such pathology involves the lower cranial nerves and sometimes the long tracts as well. In MS, facial numbness is common. Toxic damage may arise from substances such as trichlorethylene.
Diseases of the Nervous System
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia in Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
Trichloroethylene is a multipurpose solvent and applied in paint and rubber industry as a degreasing agent and in dry cleaning. It acts predominantly on the nervous system.102,208 Acute exposure produces dysfunction of the facial and optic cranial nerves. Recovery is slow and occurs over a period of months. The pathological mechanism of the cranial neuropathy is not established, but probably is connected with demyelination. Chronic exposure results in trigeminal neuropathy, visual disturbances, tremors, and impaired memory. The major effect of hexachlorobenzene is porphyria with neurological impairment.462 Hexachlorophene is neurotoxic.467,471
Exposure Assessment
Ted W. Simon in Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
On January 6, 2002, Obmascik wrote an article in the Denver Post titled “Toxins in air, regulations fail to protect U.S. residences from gases.”236 Obmascik was critical of EPA and Colorado state officials because they did not test air within homes. On January 7, 2002, Obmascik wrote: “With that model, you’d get just as good results flipping a coin. Half the times it’s right, and half the time, it’s wrong.”237 Obmascik was clearly ignorant of the idea that there could be indoor background sources of vapors. For example, trichloroethylene is found in a number of cleaning products used in arts and crafts and household maintenance.
Diagnosis and management of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2023
Sabina Solinas, Athénaïs Boucly, Antoine Beurnier, Mithum Kularatne, Julien Grynblat, Mélanie Eyries, Peter Dorfmüller, Olivier Sitbon, Marc Humbert, David Montani
Alteration of vascular permeability and endothelial barrier function has also been described after cigarette smoke exposure [29]. Cumulative tobacco exposure has been reported to be higher in PVOD compared with idiopathic PAH, a finding that is independent of gender [7]. In a case-control study comparing PVOD patients to patients with PAH, all patients with significant exposure to trichloroethylene had concurrent tobacco exposure [10]. Tobacco and solvent exposures may have a potentiator effect for the development of PVOD, with similar pathogenic mechanisms. Following breakdown of the endothelial barrier, connective tissue and underlying smooth muscle cells are exposed to circulating growth factors leading to uncontrolled proliferation and remodeling [30]. Increase in endothelial permeability is also associated with the recruitment of inflammatory cells involved in the initial development of vascular remodeling observed in PAH [31]. Interestingly, a higher frequency of tobacco exposure has also been found in patients with PAH compared with healthy controls or chronic thromboembolic PH patients [32].
Curcumin reverses hepatic epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by trichloroethylene by inhibiting IL-6R/STAT3
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2021
Weiya Cao, Yinci Zhang, Amin Li, Pan Yu, Li Song, Jiaojiao Liang, Niandie Cao, Jiafeng Gao, Ruyue Xu, Yongfang Ma, Xiaolong Tang
In conclusion, our study shows that TCE can trigger the migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro by inducing EMT. Up-regulation of snail plays an important role in EMT induced by trichloroethylene in HCC cells. In addition, trichloroethylene can up-regulate the expression of snail by activating STAT3, and regulate the expression of snail by JAK2/Akt/GSK-3 β signal (Figure 6). Our data suggest that more attention should be paid to trichloroethylene exposure in the occupational environment because trichloroethylene can promote cancer cell metastasis. Curcumin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells by activating tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, extensive clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate its efficacy in cancer treatment. For curcumin, since this concentration has been widely used to study the inhibitory effect of HepG2, 10 μM dose was used in this study. In addition, in this study, the concentration had no significant effect on the proliferation of HCC cells. Curcumin inhibits the carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene mainly by inhibiting the IL-6R α/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Facts and ideas from anywhere
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
William C. Roberts
The most contaminated military base in the USA is the US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, located in Jacksonville, North Carolina. It is the largest Marine base on the East Coast, supporting a population of >100,000 Marines, their families, and civilian employees. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, a federal public health agency, completed a public health assessment of drinking water at the base and concluded that the people living and working at the base were exposed to “contaminants of concern” in their drinking water from 1953 through 1987. These chemicals included trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and benzene. Health issues associated with exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene include infertility, cancer (including a huge cluster of breast cancer in men), and neurobehavioral effects, among others. So many babies born at Camp Lejeune in the 1960s and 1970s died that a nearby cemetery had a section that parents called “Baby Heaven.” Children were born without craniums and with neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly. Leukemia and lymphoma were common. Camp Lejeune closed most of the contaminated water wells in 1985, 5 years after the pollution was first discovered. Camp Lejeune is considered by scientists and federal investigators to be the worst and largest water contamination site our country has ever seen!
Related Knowledge Centers
- Diethyl Ether
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hexachloroethane
- Potassium Hydroxide
- Analgesic
- Chloroform
- 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
- Anesthetic
- 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
- 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane