Cancer
Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra in Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
In addition to the cancer risk of cigarette smoking: Cigar smoking on a regular basis increases risk of cancers of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus (American Cancer Society, 2021).Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is linked in emerging data (currently mostly from case-control studies rather than prospective cohorts) with two to four times increased risk of lung and oral cancers (Waziry et al., 2017).Smokeless tobacco products marketed in the US include chewing tobacco and snuff. Use of smokeless tobacco increases risk of oral cancer especially, as well as esophageal and pancreatic cancers (Warnakulasuriya & Straif, 2018; Wyss et al., 2016).E-cigarettes may also be called “e-cigs,” “vapes,” “e-hookahs,” “vape pens,” and “electronic nicotine delivery systems.” Research is still underway regarding long-term health effects. However, it’s well established that e-cigarette aerosol contains nicotine, as well as cancer-causing chemicals and ultra-fine particles that reach deep into lungs (American Cancer Society, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “About Electronic Cigarettes”).
Lifestyle and Diet
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Besides cigarette smoking, another type of tobacco addiction is smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is tobacco that is not burned. Since antiquity, it has been used by Native Americans and Aboriginal peoples of Australia. Consumed either orally or nasally, by chewing, sucking, or sniffing, smokeless tobacco products deliver nicotine without combustion. There are many different forms of smokeless tobacco products consumed globally, but they can be roughly divided into two categories: snuff (finely ground or cut tobacco) and chewing tobacco (whole leaf, plug or twist tobacco) (115). Although all smokeless tobacco products are addictive due to the presence of nicotine, they do not involve combustion, carry no risks associated with smoke inhalation, and are generally accepted to be less hazardous than smoking (115). However, at least 28 chemicals in smokeless tobacco have been found to cause cancer (116). The most harmful chemicals in smokeless tobacco are tobacco-specific nitrosamines, which are formed during the growing, curing, fermenting, and aging of tobacco. The level of tobacco-specific nitrosamines varies by product. Scientists have found that the nitrosamine level is directly related to the risk of cancer (116). Chewing leaf tobacco can lead to nicotine addiction and can cause cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and pancreas. Chewing tobacco products may also cause gum disease, dental problem, pharyngitis, laryngitis, heart disease, stroke, and other health problems (116).
Tobacco and health
Sally Robinson in Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Tobacco products which are designed to be chewed or sniffed are often called smokeless tobacco. Chemicals such as nicotine are quickly absorbed into the blood stream through the mucous lining of the mouth or nasal passages. Chewing tobacco is normally made from tobacco leaves which are air cured and crushed, with added flavourings. Dipping is the process of holding the tobacco between the lip and the gum. Varieties include gutka – dried tobacco leaves, areca nut, slaked lime, catechu, flavourings and sweetenersmishri – burnt tobacco rubbed into gums, used for teeth cleaningnass/naswar/niswar – tobacco, ash, cotton or sesame oil and water, rolled into a ballsnus – a Swedish form of snuff containing tobacco, moisturisers, sodium carbonate, salt, sweeteners and flavourings in small tea bagstambaku paan/betel quid – a combination of tobacco, areca nut and slaked lime folded into a betel leaf and chewedzarda – boiled and dried tobacco leaves with lime, spices, colourings, areca nut and flavourings
Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Sleep Duration among U.S. Adolescents
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Ashley L. Merianos, Timothy M. Stone, E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Roman A. Jandarov, Kelvin Choi
Information about tobacco smoking among individuals living in participants’ homes was collected as part of the self-reported interview. Participants were asked two questions about home smoking including: (1) how many people they lived with smoked tobacco; and (2) whether someone smoked tobacco products inside their homes, with the exception of decks, porches, and detached garages. Tobacco products included cigarettes, cigars, little cigars, pipes, water pipes, hookahs, or another product not listed. We combined both question responses to create the three-category home TSE status variable: (1) no home TSE or did not live with a household tobacco smoker; (2) home THS exposure or lived with at least one household tobacco smoker who did not smoke inside the home; and (3) home SHS+THS exposure or lived with at least one household tobacco smoker who smoked inside the home.
Current tobacco use is associated with mental morbidity and health risk behaviours among school-going adolescents in Liberia and Mauritius
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
The use of tobacco kills over eight million people every year globally, and 6.4 million in low- and middle-income countries (World Health Organization (WHO), 2019b). Tobacco use is usually initiated during adolescence, which makes them a specifically vulnerable group (Aldrich et al., 2015). In a large school health survey, 13.6% of adolescents were currently using tobacco in low- and middle-income countries, and 12.3% engaged in current tobacco use in Africa (Xi et al., 2016). Current tobacco use in Monrovia, Liberia, was 13.6% in 2008 (Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2008), and among male adolescent students in Mauritius current tobacco use increased from 25.6% in 2007 to 28.4% in 2017 (Pengpid & Peltzer, 2020a). Tobacco use can cause significant morbidity, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2018). However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the effects of tobacco use on mental health and health compromising behaviors.
Assessment of sociodemographic indicators of Tobacco expenditure: an application of the censored regression model
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
The use of tobacco is considerable in Turkey and around the world, and this causes numerous health problems, we analyzed the indicators of tobacco expenditure of households, the smallest unit of a society. We used the Tobit model to evaluate the factors affecting households’ expenditure on tobacco products. Tobacco products impose a significant financial burden, and countries around the world require more robust tobacco control measures to address these costs (Goodchild et al., 2018). Since governments are implementing policies to get tobacco use under control, the results of this study are expected to guide those who are exposed to the impacts of tobacco use, decision-makers in the field of health, and policymakers seeking practices and policies that will enable households to quit or reduce their tobacco use.
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