Surgical Facilities, Peri-Operative Care, Anesthesia, and Surgical Techniques
Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman in Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Dissociative agents include ketamine and the combination agent tiletamine-zolazepam (Tela-zol).20 These agents may be used to induce animals into a state of dissociative anesthesia causing them to be unaware of their surroundings but with only mild analgesia. Animals will not have muscle relaxation and will have mild clonic/tonic types of muscular activity. These agents are extremely useful for chemical restraint of approximately 20 min. in most species. They may be used as part of a general anesthesia protocol when combined with other agents. Their use as general anesthetics is discussed under injectable agents. Ketamine causes a transient tachycardia with minimal hemodynamic effects. The cardiovascular effects of Telazol may be more pronounced in some species.11-16
Anesthesia of Laboratory Rats
Yanlin Wang-Fischer in Manual of Stroke Models in Rats, 2008
Tiletamine, a dissociative anesthetic similar to ketamine, when used alone does not produce even light anesthesia. It is marketed commercially in combination with the benzodiazepine tranquilizer zolezapam (Telazol). This combination produces a light-to-medium plane of anesthesia. With this combination, the corneal, pedal, and swallowing reflexes remain intact, such that these commonly used anesthetic parameters are not reliable for judging the depth of Telazol anesthesia. The neuro-protective effect is similar to that of ketamine.
Anesthesia Monitoring and Management
Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed in Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Be aware that repeated stimulation of the eye reflexes may result in reflex depression. The effects of the dissociative anesthetics, such as ketamine and tiletamine, may limit the value of eye reflexes as these drugs may cause spontaneous blinking, nystagmus, central eye position, and lacrimation.
Device safety assessment of bronchoscopic microwave ablation of normal swine peripheral lung using robotic-assisted bronchoscopy
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Hector De Leon, Kevin Royalty, Louie Mingione, David Jaekel, Sarvesh Periyasamy, David Wilson, Paul Laeseke, William C. Stoffregen, Tim Muench, John P. Matonick, Grzegorz L. Kaluza, Gustavo Cipolla
Animals were anesthetized with intramuscular injections of a combination of tiletamine (3 mg/kg), zolazepam (3 mg/kg) (Telazol®), and ketamine (5 mg/kg), followed by endotracheal intubation and maintenance of anesthesia by inhalation of isoflurane (1–5%) mixed with 100% oxygen (∼1.5 L/min). Mechanical ventilation (10–20 mL/kg, 10–15 respirations/minute) was used throughout the procedure. A peripheral vein was catheterized for delivery of fluids and drugs as needed. Fluids (0.9% saline) were administered intravenously (IV) at a rate of 5–10 mL/kg/h throughout the bronchoscopic procedure. Blood pressure was measured invasively in a peripheral artery (e.g., auricular, median, or saphenous) using a catheter connected to a transducer. Heart and respiratory rates, electrocardiography, CO2, body temperature, and mean arterial pressure were monitored continuously. The fluid infusion rate was adjusted as needed to maintain physiologic blood pressure levels prior to initiating the bronchoscopic procedure. Animals received analgesic medication (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) prior to completion of the procedure and continued for several days post-ablation as needed.
A Comparative Efficacy Evaluation of Recombinant Topical Thrombin (RECOTHROM®) With A Gelatin Sponge Carrier Versus Topical Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (TABOTAMP®/SURGICEL®) In A Porcine Liver Bleeding Model
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Paul Slezak, Claudia Keibl, Dirk Labahn, Anna Schmidbauer, Yuri Genyk, Heinz Gulle
Two treatment arms were investigated. The rT (active treatment) used was RECOTHROM®; Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA, with a gelatin sponge carrier (SPONGOSTAN™; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The ORC (passive treatment) used was TABOTAMP® Original/SURGICEL® Original; Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany. Treatments were tested in 8 male pigs weighing approximately 35 kg, with a target of 15 applications per animal. Premedication and anesthesia were performed as previously described.21 Briefly, animals were premedicated with a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam intramuscularly, followed by inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane. Upon completion of the experiment, animals were humanely euthanized under deep anesthesia with a lethal intravenous dose of thiopental sodium and embutramide/mebezonium iodine/tetracaine hydrochloride.
Predicting ablation zones with multislice volumetric 2-D magnetic resonance thermal imaging
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Zahabiya Campwala, Benjamin Szewczyk, Teresa Maietta, Rachel Trowbridge, Matthew Tarasek, Chitresh Bhushan, Eric Fiveland, Goutam Ghoshal, Tamas Heffter, Katie Gandomi, Paulo Alberto Carvalho, Christopher Nycz, Erin Jeannotte, Michael Staudt, Julia Nalwalk, Abigail Hellman, Zhanyue Zhao, E. Clif Burdette, Gregory Fischer, Desmond Yeo, Julie G. Pilitsis
For each subject, general anesthesia was induced with a combination of injectable anesthetics. Powdered tiletamine and zolazepam (100 mg/mL) was reconstituted using 2.5 mL ketamine (100 mg/mL) and 2.5 mL xylazine, and administered intramuscularly. The subject was then intubated and maintained with isoflurane at 1–5% in 1 L/min of oxygen. The scalp was then prepped and draped in sterile fashion. A paramedian incision was marked and the area was infiltrated with 5 mL of bupivacaine prior to incision. A #10 blade was used to make an incision and bovie electrocautery was used to dissect down to the calvarium. A Penfield #1 was used to elevate the periosteum from the calvarium, and self-retaining retractors were placed. A Midas Rex high-speed drill (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) was used to create roughly 1 cm right, left, or bilateral frontal burr holes (Table 1). The edges of the burr hole were undercut using a #2 Kerrison. The dura was then opened using a #11 blade in a cruciate fashion, and the dural edges were coagulated using bovie electrocautery. The pia was coagulated using bovie electrocautery followed by a small corticotomy using the #11 blade. The wound was then irrigated using sterile saline and small piece of Surgifoam (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) was placed in the burr holes to minimize cerebrospinal fluid egress. The incision was then temporarily closed with Dermalon sutures in a serial interrupted fashion.
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