Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. It may be used in topical drugs, notably with salicylic acid in collodion for the treatment of warts. It is also applied with calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, dextrose monohydrate, sodium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate in replacement solutions in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy to replace plasma volume removed by ultrafiltration. The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid (sodium lactate) is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer. Topical preparations containing (mostly) 12% ammonium lactate are indicated for the treatment of dry, scaly skin (xerosis) and ichthyosis vulgaris and for temporary relief of itching associated with these conditions. Lactic acid is also used to make cultured dairy products, as a food preservative, and to produce other chemicals (1).
Alternatives to Glycerine in Cosmetics
Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag in Glycerine, 2018
Osipow [46] carried out a series of tests on sodium lactate/lactic acid systems and showed moisture loss to be comparable to glycerine in a variety of cosmetic emulsions. Only in antiperspirant creams and lotions was the humectant performance definitely inferior to glycerine. It is assumed this is due to the formation of aluminum lactate. The conclusions reached by the author include the following: Sodium lactate is an effective humectant in cosmetic preparations. It is generally compatible with other cosmetic ingredients and it does not increase the difficulty of preparing stable emulsions.Sodium lactate, in combination with lactic acid, has a further advantage in that it serves as a buffer, as well as a humectant.Sodium lactate is an economical replacement for glycerine and other more conventional humectants.
Provocation of Anxiety States in Humans and its Possible Significance for the Pathogenesis of These Disorders
Siegfried Kasper, Johan A. den Boer, J. M. Ad Sitsen in Handbook of Depression and Anxiety, 2003
Provocation of anxiety in the laboratory allows for relatively easy monitoring of various physiological, biochemical, and lately even imaging changes during laboratory-induced panic attacks. Thus, for decades, this has been one of the main biological approaches to the study of panic anxiety. During the 1970s and 1980s, sodium lactate has been the most frequently studied provocative agent [11]. Other agents, such as β-carbolines [12], caffeine [13], carbon dioxide [14], cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide [15], epinephrine [16], flumazenil [17], fenfluramine [18], isoproterenol [19], m-chlorophenylpiperazine [20], norepinephrine [21], yohimbine [22], and other nonpharmacological paradigms (hy-perventilation, catastrophic misinterpretation) [23] have also been used for provocation of anxiety in the laboratory.
Ozone protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through miR-200c/FOXO3 axis
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Lian Zhang, Xingping Men, Shenglong Yu, Huizhuang Guo, Yi Luo, Hanwei Chen, Shaohua Mi
The hypoxic solution was used to replace the culture medium to simulate the ischemia-reperfusion process of myocardial cells. The hypoxic solution formula: NaCl 137 mM, KCl 12 mM, MgCl2 0.49 mM, CaCl2 0.9 mM, HEPES 4 mM, deoxyglucose 10 mM, sodium sulfite 0.75 mM, sodium lactate 20 mM. The hypoxia induction was performed for 4 h before replacing with fresh culture medium. The control group was replaced with fresh medium. In addition, a mixed gas of 94% N2, 5% CO2 and corresponding level of Ozone (O3) was applied at a flow rate of 2 L/min for 4 h as ozone pretreatment. After hypoxia or ozone treatment, the solution was replaced with fresh medium and the cells were placed in cell culture incubator (5% CO2 and 95% O2). Cells were incubated for another 6 h before subsequent experiments.
Effects of psychosocial and physical stress on lactate and anxiety levels
Published in Stress, 2019
Robin Hermann, Daniel Lay, Patrick Wahl, Walton T. Roth, Katja Petrowski
Sodium lactate infusion is one of the best documented ways to induce anxiety symptoms and panic attacks (Plag et al., 2012). The anxiety symptoms are the same as those induced psychologically by the TSST (Petrowski, Herold, Joraschky, Mück-Weymann, & Siepmann, 2010; Plag et al., 2012; Wichmann, Kirschbaum, Lorenz, & Petrowski, 2017). However, since acute exercise raises blood lactate, it is surprising that some studies have observed concomitant reductions in state anxiety. In meta-analyses of randomized controlled studies, both Ensari, Greenlee, Motl, and Petruzzello (2015) and Petruzzello, Landers, Hatfield, Kubitz, and Salazar (1991) concluded that acute exercise produces a small decrease in anxiety compared to control conditions, although the results of individual studies varied considerably.
Lactic acid in macrophage polarization: The significant role in inflammation and cancer
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2022
Hai-cun Zhou, Wen-wen Yu, Xiao-qin Liang, Xiao-yan Du, Zhi-chang Liu, Jian-ping Long, Guang-hui Zhao, Hong-bin Liu
In a study of cardiac inflammation caused by sepsis, it was found that hypertonic sodium lactate could prevent cardiac dysfunction, alleviate mesenteric microcirculation and capillary leakage during sepsis, while reducing cardiac inflammation [122]. Furthermore, in addition to immune regulation, lactic acid stimulated the proliferation of intestinal cells and maintained an intestinal barrier in mice during starvation experiments. Lactic acid reduced the TLR expression and IL-1β-dependent NF-kappaB activation of intestinal epithelial cells [123]. Therefore, targeting lactic acid, its signaling pathways and macrophages polarization may be potential new therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammation. More experimental studies and clinical trials should be conducted to prove this hypothesis.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Sodium
- Salt
- Lactic Acid
- Maize
- Chemical Compound
- Ringer'S Lactate Solution
- Food Additive
- E Number
- Preservative
- Lactose