Collagenolysis
Robert A. Greenwald in CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
Sodium formate has the advantage that it scavenges ·OH radicals and increases O2 formation (Equations 2 and 4). The amount of O2− formed may be calculated as 4 × 10−4M, and H2O2, 0.5 × 10−4M.
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Mahyar Dorri, Shirin Hashemitabar, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces a model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain (Przedborski and Jackson-Lewis 1998). To produce these mice, C57BL/6 mice were treated with MPTP-HCl (18mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection. Cinnamon has been shown to have protective properties in MPTP mouse models. Recently, it has been shown that NaB (sodium benzoate) is produced in blood after oral administration of cinnamon. The study that investigates the positive effects of cinnamon and NaB metabolite has treated MPTP-intoxicated mice with 100μL cinnamon-MC (methylcellulose) mixture every day while the control animals received only 100μL 0.5% MC. NaB was also dissolved in water and mice were administrated with NaB-solubilized water orally every day. Sodium formate (NaFO) was used as a control for NaB. Overall, it was shown that cinnamon and its metabolite NaB protect DJ-1 and Parkin from inflammatory insult. These outcomes show a novel neuroprotective role of cinnamon (Khasnavis and Pahan 2014).
Cell-based bioreporter assay coupled to HPLC micro-fractionation in the evaluation of antimicrobial properties of the basidiomycete fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016
Päivi Järvinen, Susanna Nybond, Laurence Marcourt, Emerson Ferreira Queiroz, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Aila Mettälä, Matti Karp, Heikki Vuorela, Pia Vuorela, Annele Hatakka, Päivi Tammela
HPLC analysis was performed with an HPLC-UV (Perkin Elmer Inc., Norwalk, CT) (detected at 255 and 330 nm) coupled with a fraction collector (Gilson FC 204, Middleton, WI). NMR spectroscopic data were recorded on a 500 MHz Varian Inova spectrometer (Varian, Palo Alto, CA). Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (δ) using the residual CDCl3 signal (δH 7.26; δC 77.2) as internal standards for 1H and 13C NMR, and coupling constants (J) are reported in Hz. Complete assignment was performed based on 2D experiments (COSY, edited-HSQC, and HMBC). HR-ESI-MS data were obtained on a Micromass LCT Premier time-of-flight mass spectrometer from Waters with an electrospray ionisation (ESI) interface (Waters, Milford, MA). Compound detection was performed in the positive-ion mode (PI) with an m/z range of 100–1000 Da and a scan time of 0.5 s in the W-mode. The MS was calibrated using sodium formate. Leucine enkephalin (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) was used as an internal reference at 2 μg/mL and infused through a Lock Spray™ probe at a flow rate of 10 μL/min aided by a second LC pump.
Protective effects of combined Losartan and Nilotinib on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Jamshid Karimi, Adel Mohammadalipour, Nasrin Sheikh, Iraj Khodadadi, Mohammad Hashemnia, Farjam Goudarzi, Vahid Khanjarsim, Ghasem Solgi, Mehrdad Hajilooi, Majid Bahabadi, Nejat Kheiripour, Keshvad Hedayatyanfard
Liver tissue digested in 1 ml of papain solution for 15–18 h at 65 °C. For hydroxyproline, after centrifugation, 200 µl of the sample was incubated with 200 µl HCL 12 N at 120 °C in an oven for 15 hours for complete digestion. After drying them in laminar flow hood, the 100 µl acetate-citrate buffer was added, centrifuged at 12 000 × g and the pellet was dissolved in the acetate-citrate buffer for the second time. After adding 50 µl Chloramine-T, and para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde the absorbance was read at 540 nm and expressed as µg mg−1. Another papain digested protein ratio was used to determine the GAGs level. Dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) assay was used to determine sulfated glycosaminoglycan content. To prepared DMB dye, briefly sodium formate dissolved in absolute ethanol after merging the ethanol with DMB. Then adjusted the pH with formic acid (pH = 3). After adding 200 µl of the DMB dye to 40 µl of papain digested solution, and standard dilution of chondroitin sulfate, the absorbance was read spectrophotometrically at 595 nm and expressed as µg.mg-1 protein (Estes et al. 2010).
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