Drugs in Gastrointestinal Disorders in Developing Infants
Sam Kacew in Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics, 1990
In children with reflux esophagitis, Socha et al.140 demonstrated that ranitidine decreased the frequency and severity of heartburn and retrosternal pain. Recently, Goudsouzian and Young246 administered ranitidine preoperatively to healthy children presented for sugrical procedures. Ranitidine was effective in the reduction of gastric acidity, but unlike the adult, there was no significant effect on gastric aspirate volume. The finding by Bertaccini et al.141 that ranitidine produced an increase in lower esophageal sphincter pressure suggested that in addition to suppression of gastric acid secretion, this factor may play a role in the therapeutic effectiveness of this drug in this condition. In a subsequent study, Wallin et al.142 found that ranitidine failed to affect esophageal sphincter pressure. While the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated, ranitidine was reported to resolve the symptoms of reflux esophagitis in all pediatric patients examined.140
Obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia
David M. Luesley, Mark D. Kilby in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2016
Fasting intervals of 6 hours for food and 2 hours for fluids (tea/coffee with semi-skimmed milk, or fruit squash) are appropriate for women scheduled for elective caesarean section. Ranitidine diminishes gastric acid secretion; sodium citrate neutralises acid already in the stomach. Ranitidine 150 mg should be prescribed for 2 hours before an elective operation and administered 8–hourly to all women in labour with risk factors for CS. Administration of a measure (30 mL) of sodium citrate 0.3M immediately before caesarean section under general anaesthetic should be done. The risk of aspiration of gastric contents is not confined to general anaesthesia: protective laryngeal reflexes may be obtunded in the event of an excessively high regional block, though sodium citrate is not usually given prior to regional anaesthesia.
Gastrointestinal diseases and pregnancy
Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero in Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists: All histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) including cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine are classified as FDA pregnancy category B. H2RAs have been recently replaced by proton pump inhibitors for treatment of reflux esophagitis in nonpregnant patients; however, in pregnant patients with GERD, H2RAs are the most commonly used and safest medications for those not responding to lifestyle modifications and antacids. Generally, 8 ormore weeks of therapy is required to produce complete healing, and recurrences are frequent when medication is discontinued. In a study, efficacy of ranitidine once or twice daily was compared with placebo in pregnant women (20). Only ranitidine 150mg twice daily demonstrated significant relief in symptoms and reduction in the use of antacids. No adverse pregnancy or fetal outcomes were noted. A surveil-lance study in the United States found no increase in the incidence of congenital anomalies among infants exposed to various H2RAs including ranitidine, cimetidine, and famoti-dine (21). Ranitidine is usually the preferred H2RA during pregnancy because of the absence of teratogenicity in animal studies and documented efficacy in pregnancy.
Isatuximab for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2020
Paul G. Richardson, Meral Beksaç, Ivan Špička, Joseph Mikhael
In the ICARIA-MM and IKEMA Phase III trials, the majority of IRs occurred at first infusion and were reversible [47,55]. Standard prophylaxis for isatuximab IRs consisted of acetaminophen (650–1000 mg oral), ranitidine (50 mg IV or equivalent), and diphenhydramine (25–50 mg IV or equivalent). However, on 1 April 2020, the FDA requested the removal of all ranitidine products from the market and is no longer available [57]. As so, ranitidine is no longer recommended and has been removed from the investigator brochure. Dexamethasone 40 mg QW (or 20 mg QW in patients ≥75 years) via oral or IV was administered as part of premedication and study treatment. Patients who did not experience an IR upon their first four isatuximab administrations had their need for subsequent premedications reconsidered as per investigator judgment. No post-infusion corticosteroid or bronchodilator prophylaxis was mandated during isatuximab clinical studies [38,42,43,47,55,58].
Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Prakash Chandra Gupta, Ashish Kar, Nisha Sharma, Prashant Kumar Singh, Naba Kumar Goswami, Satyanshu Kumar
All the standard and tested drugs were suspended in 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and administered orally (by gavage). Test drug (GCE) in doses of 200 mg/kg b.w. (morning and evening with total 400 mg/kg b.w./day) and 400 mg/kg b.w. (morning and evening with total 800 mg/kg b.w./day) and standard drug H2 receptor blocker ranitidine (RAN) in the dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. (morning and evening with total 100 mg/kg b.w./day) were administered orally with the help of an orogastric tube twice daily for 5 days for acute ulcer protective studies in ethanol-induced ulcer model. The selected doses of GCE were determined based on the acute oral toxicity test discussed under paragraph 3.4. The dose of ranitidine was selected based on the well-established dose-response curve previously published and reported studies [36]. The Control group of animals received 1% carboxymethyl cellulose in distilled water.
Prescription changes in patients with gastrointestinal disorders after withdrawal of ranitidine: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Minhee Ku, Nam Kyung Je
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) are commonly used to treat patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD)1. H2RAs competitively block the histamine-2 receptor on the surface of parietal cells in the stomach, reducing gastric acid secretion2. The most frequently prescribed H2RA in South Korea and other countries is ranitidine3. The data from post-marketing surveillance studies and spontaneously reported adverse events confirm the safety of ranitidine4. Ranitidine is also available as an over-the-counter medicine (Zantac) for treating mild gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (e.g. heartburn and indigestion).