Face Masks and Hand Sanitizers
Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga in The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Mostly used alcohol-based compound is n-propanol for antibacterial activity [106]. Mechanism accurately involved in this is not properly understood but involves membrane lysis or disconnect mRNA, stop protein synthesis by effecting ribosomes and RNA polymerase [171], and related to protein transformation [106]. For maximum bactericidal activity 60-90% concentration of alcohol is needed [172]. Or more precisely pure alcohol or with less than 1% water but its disinfection activity is lower than the previously mentioned range [172]. The presence of water is critical as it affects proteins denaturation process. Alcohols based chemical reaction taking place in living body affects all the process involve in bacterial membrane lysis that leads to loss of cell membrane. Alcohols based product is effective only against propagating bacteria or bacteria involved in binary fission. It is ineffective against bacterial spores [173].
Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis *
Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach in Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Angelova-Fischer et al.41 studied the cumulative effects of n-propanol concentrations in healthy individuals and those with atopic dermatitis (AD). The study consisted of healthy adults and AD adults who were exposed to n-propanol concentrations ranging from 30% to 75%. Measurements of erythema, TEWL, capacitance, and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) levels were measured at baseline and after 96 h. The results showed that even at the lowest concentrations, n-propanol still had a significant barrier-damaging effect. With respect to NMF levels, exposure to all concentrations of n-propanol significantly reduced NMF levels. Prior exposure to low-grade trauma (occlusion/water exposure) before n-propanol reduced the skin irritation threshold in both healthy and AD groups. Finally, there were significant differences in the severity of barrier function impairment after exposure to the same concentration of n-propanol between the two groups.
Reactivities of Amino Acids and Proteins with Iodine
Erwin Regoeczi in Iodine-Labeled Plasma Proteins, 2019
Samples of the labeled proteins were hydrolyzed as described in Section II.A.1. The iodoamino acids were separated in one dimension by ascending paper chromatography on Whatman® No. 1 paper in accordance with the guidelines outlined in Chapter 2, Section III.B. Butanol-acetic acid and propanol-ammonia-water were used as the solvents. (See Chapter 2, Section III.B.2.)
Optimized self-microemulsifying drug delivery system improves the oral bioavailability and brain delivery of coenzyme Q10
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Thapa Chhitij, Jo-Eun Seo, Taekwang Keum, Gyubin Noh, Santosh Bashyal, Shrawani Lamichhane, Jung Hwan Kim, Jae Heon Lee, Jee Hun Park, Jaewoong Choi, Se Hyun Song, Sangkil Lee
For the preparation of the calibration curve, 20 µL of the standard CoQ10 solution (CoQ10 in hexane) was added to 200 µL of drug-free plasma samples, vortexed, and collected in a glass tube. Subsequently, 1 mL of 1-propanol was added to the solution and the latter was vortexed for 5 min, and then centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 5 min, for the precipitation of proteins. A rotary centrifugal vacuum evaporator was used in order to collect the supernatant and evaporate it. The residue was redistributed in 100 µL of 1-propanol, and analyzed by using HPLC (as described in the solubility study). After the last scheduled oral administration of the CoQ10 suspension and the CoQ10-loaded optimized SMEDDS to rats, 400 µL of blood samples were collected from the tail vein of each rat at 0, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The collected blood samples were then centrifuged at 3,000 × g, for 15 min, at 4 °C, in order to prepare plasma samples, and these plasma samples were then stored at −70 °C until further analysis.
COVID-19 in dental care: What do we know?
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2021
Marek Chmielewski, Oliwia Załachowska, Weronika Rybakowska, Dominika Komandera, Agata Knura, Adrian Albert, Julia Kostanowicz, Katarzyna Garbacz
Before examining the patient, the dentist needs to disinfect their hands. WHO recommends using alcohol-based rubs (60–70%) as they are known to be highly effective against the enveloped coronaviruses. Ethanol, the most common component of alcohol-based disinfectant gels, inactivates bacteria and viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Although little is known about the frequency of hand contamination with SARS-CoV-2 and the viral load on hands after contact with contaminated surfaces, WHO recommends applying alcohol-based rubs for effective hand decontamination [16]. Other potentially applicable, albeit less effective hand disinfectants include propanol, chlorhexidine digluconate and benzalkonium chloride solutions [64]. Only after appropriate hygienization of hands, in accordance with the Ayliffe scheme, the dentist can wear disposable gloves and proceed with the examination and treatment.
Comparison of the short-chain fatty acids in normal rat faeces after the treatment of Euphorbia kansui, a traditional Chinese medicine for edoema
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Dongjing Jiang, Sijia Guo, An Kang, Yonghui Ju, Jingxian Li, Sheng Yu, Beihua Bao, Yudan Cao, Yuping Tang, Li Zhang, Weifeng Yao
Acetic acid (Lot No. C0027517, ≥99.7%) and propionic acid (Lot No. A15J7L9136, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). Butyric acid (Lot No. 755WP0-JS, ≥99.8%) and valeric acid (Lot No. FGN01-JLBK, ≥99.0%) were purchased from TCI Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hexanoic-6,6,6-d3 acid (Lot No. ZZS17102803, 99.0%) was purchased from Shanghai Zzbio Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium hydroxide (Lot No. 160928, ACS grade) was purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). 1-Propanol (Lot No. LP700111, HPLC grade) and pyridine (Lot No. LB30R04, HPLC grade) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Propyl chloroformate (Lot No. 11502046, HPLC grade) and hexane (Lot No. E1725082, HPLC grade) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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