Novel Treatments of Autoimmune Conditions
Irun R. Cohen in Perspectives on Autoimmunity, 2020
The effect of fat intake may reflect not only total fat ingestion, but also the specific type of fatty acids ingested.86 particularly the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the presence of precursors of various prostaglandins, with sometimes contradictory results reported.86,91-93 Thus, Kunkel et al.91 found that even primrose oil, high in linoleic acid, markedly reduced adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Conversely, murine lupus was unaffected by a safflower oil diet containing 78% linoleic acid.86 A diet high in saturated fat but deficient in essential fatty acids (EFA) had a beneficial effect on murine lupus,92 while an oral supplementation of EFA inhibited experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs almost completely.93
Micronutrients in Prevention and Improvement of the Standard Therapy in Arthritis
Kedar N. Prasad in Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
In the Women’s Health Study involving 39,144 subjects without RA, supplementation with 600 IU of vitamin E alone taken every other day was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing RA.78 An open pilot study involving 8 non-smoking female patients with RA who received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and/or second line of medication showed that antioxidant supplementation decreased the number of swollen and painful joints and improved general health and decreased Disease Activity Score from 28 to 1.6.79 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials involving 20 patients with RA showed that supplementation with quercetin plus vitamin C or alpha-lipoic acid for a period of 4 weeks did not change the levels of inflammation markers or disease severity.80 Supplementation with fish oil and evening primrose oil reduced RA severity, and attenuated the markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes.81 Despite of contradictory results with individual antioxidants some studies continue to suggest that diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids with or without standard medications may improve the efficacy of therapy.32,82,83
Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Canadian Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols–A Consensus Document
I. Jon Russell in The Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Clinical Case Definition for Practitioners, 2020
Essential Fatty Acids [EFA] are essential for prostaglandin synthesis, cellular membrane integrity and help combat dry skin. In addition to eating fish of cold water origin, an EFA supplement is recommended, e.g., Salmon oil promotes nerve impulse transmission and blood flow.Evening Primrose oil promotes improved blood flow and neural function.
The effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) on the level of adiponectin and some biochemical parameters in rats with fructose induced metabolic syndrome
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Handan Mert, Kıvanç İrak, Salih Çibuk, Serkan Yıldırım, Nihat Mert
Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) is a wild medicinal plant, and the oil extracted from its seed is very rich in gamma-linolenic acid. It is traditionally used in the treatment of some diseases in different parts of the world. Recently, oils containing γ-linolenic acid (GLA), such as primrose oil, have become increasingly popular and are sold as capsule supplements. GLA, an 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega 6 series, is a metabolite of linoleic acid and prostaglandin E1 and 15-OH dihomo gamma-linolenic acid is synthesised from GLA (Taweechaisupapong et al.2005). Prostaglandin E1 is known as an anti-inflammatory agent. There are studies reporting that evening primrose oil positively changes the lipid profile (Singer et al.1986, Villalobos et al.1998, Abo-Gresha et al.2014). Again, cytokine levels have been shown to decrease in rats fed with a diet containing GLA, and thus GLA can modulate some serum cytokine levels such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which may be a valuable treatment line in some human diseases (Dirks et al.1998). It is also reported that evening primrose oil reduces oxidative stress (de La Cruz et al.1999, El-Sayed et al.2014).
Evening primrose oil attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and ultrastructural alterations induced by metanil yellow in the liver of rat: a histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2023
Amany Mohamed Shalaby, Rania H. Shalaby, Mohamed Ali Alabiad, Doaa I. Abdelrahman, Mohammed Alorini, Fatima A. Jaber, Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan
Herbs were formerly utilized as traditional remedies to manage various ailments, but they are today utilized in pharmacies, fragrances, nutritional supplements, and drinks.7 Evening primrose oil (EPO) is a popular traditional medicine that contains a variety of phytocompounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, esters, triterpenoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, lactones, sterols, and chalcones.8 The radical-scavenging and anti-oxidant properties of EPOhave been proven in several investigations.9 It was also reported to have a potent lipoxygenase inhibitory action, supporting its anti-inflammatory properties.10 Previous studies emphasized its hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal effects.11 Vast clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of EPO in the treatment of many disorders, including diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic eczema, heart disease, nephropathy, gastrointestinal problems, psychosis, alcohol dependence, and memory loss.12
Self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system incorporated in natural hydrogels: a new way for topical application of vitamin C
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Qiang Wang, Hong Zhang, Juan Huang, Nan Xia, Tong Li, Qiang Xia
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, purity ≥99.7%) was supplied by Shanghai Titan Scientific Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Evening primrose oil was obtained from Guangzhou Boyi Trading Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) was supplied by Shanghai Youchuang industrial Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tween 80 and glycerol were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). Xanthan gum was purchased from Rhodia (France). Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate was supplied by Shanghai LEASUN Chemical Co., Ltd (China). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Alading Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 0.25% trypsin–EDTA solution, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), antibiotic solution (1% penicillin–streptomycin) and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were products of Hyclone (Thermo Scientific, USA). Double-distilled water was used in all experiments. All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.
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