Operations at the Philadelphia Laboratory
George Winston Smith in Medicines for the Union Army, 2014
Many of the most important operations employed covered capsules and other receptacles of porcelain, iron crucibles, and tubulated glass retorts heated on shallow sand baths. Potassium carbonate and potassium acetate were both evaporated to dryness in shallow dishes before one of the furnace openings. The latter preparation, while still hot in the furnace room, was filled into wide-mouthed bottles. Diehl also evaporated mercuric nitrate in a sand bath and triturated it until he obtained “beautiful bright-red crystals” of mercuric oxide.118 Potassium permanganate, suddenly in demand as a disinfectant and for local application to hospital gangrene lesions, ulcers, and abscesses, was processed in the furnace at the southeast corner of the room. There the caustic potash, black oxide of manganese, and chlorate of potash with dilute sulfuric acid and distilled water were evaporated over a sand bath, then placed in a covered Hessian or Cornish crucible and heated for an hour, until a semifused mass was formed.119
Solution Concentration, Molarity, and Solution Stoichiometry
Patrick E. McMahon, Rosemary F. McMahon, Bohdan B. Khomtchouk in Survival Guide to General Chemistry, 2019
Solve the following general molarity problems. Calculate the molar concentration of all ions in a solution of 6.73 grams of Na2CO3 dissolved in 250 mL of aqueous solution.Calculate the mass of KMnO4 present in 250 mL of a 0.0125 M aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.Calculate the volume of a 2.06 M aqueous solution of KMnO4, which contains 322 grams of potassium permanganate.25.0 mL of a 1.50 M aqueous solution of HCl is diluted to a final volume of 500 mL. Calculate the molarity of the final diluted solution.Calculate the volume of a 2.56 M solution of HCl, which must be diluted with water to produce 250 mL of a 0.102 M solution of aqueous H+ ions.
Management of poisoning
Bev-Lorraine True, Robert H. Dreisbach in Dreisbach’s HANDBOOK of POISONING, 2001
Mild wet dressings: Moist, oozing lesions are treated by application of mild wet dressings, which should be replaced every 2–3 h. Impervious coverings prevent the cooling effects of evaporation and should not be used. The following medications can be used without fear of aggravating the irritation: Aluminum acetate, 1% solution.Magnesium sulfate, half-saturated (25%) solution.Sodium bicarbonate, saturated (10%) or half-saturated (5%) solution.Starch or oatmeal solution (can be used as a bath and repeated every 2–4 h). A starch bath is prepared by mixing a cup of cornstarch in 2 quarts of water. The mixture is heated to boiling and then poured into a cool bath. The patient then sits in the bath for 10 min and pours the starch solution over the affected areas.Saline solution (sodium chloride, 10 g/l).Potassium permanganate, 1:10 000 solution (leaves a stain but otherwise is excellent).
The combination of MnO2@Lipo-coated gefitinib and bevacizumab inhibits the development of non-small cell lung cancer
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Jisong Zhang, Li Xu, Huihui Hu, Enguo Chen
The chemical reagents used in the preparation processes were all analytically pure without subsequent purification treatment. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4, 99.5%) was purchased from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) was purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shantou, China). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 96%), dopamine hydrochloride (C8H11NO2·HCl, DA, 98%), 1,2-dioleacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (C41H78NO8P, DOPE, 98%), cholesterol (C27H46O, 99%), and Geb (98%) were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Stearamide (C18H37NO, 85%) was acquired from Guangdong Lanbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). Beb (98%) was purchased from Shanghai Biochempartner Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
Tumour microenvironment-responsive nanoplatform based on biodegradable liposome-coated hollow MnO2 for synergistically enhanced chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Xiangtian Deng, Qingcheng Song, Yiran Zhang, Weijian Liu, Hongzhi Hu, Yingze Zhang
Cholesterol, Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), Distearoyl phosphoethanolamine-PEG (DSPE-PEG), distearoyal phosphoethanolamine-PEG-NHS (DSPE-PEG-NHS), and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). RGD peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp, purity > 97%) was obtained by GL Bio-Chem Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). ACF was purchased from Xiya Reagent (Shandong, China). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 30 wt% solution and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) were purchased from J&K chemical CO (Beijing, China). Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), and Ammonium hydroxide (NH3·H2O) were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All the other chemicals reagents were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Investigating oxidation state-induced toxicity of PEGylated graphene oxide in ocular tissue using gene expression profiles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2018
Wei Wu, Liang Yan, Siyu Chen, Qiyou Li, Zhanjun Gu, Haiwei Xu, Zheng Qin Yin
Graphite oxide was prepared from powder graphite through a modified Hummers method (Hummers and Offeman 1958, Yan et al. 2013a). Typically, 0.2 g of graphite and an appropriate amount of KMnO4 (0.3 g for low degree of oxidation, 0.5 g for medium degree of oxidation and 0.7 g for high degree of oxidation) were gradually added to 20 mL of H2SO4, under vigorous stirring in an ice-bath, to keep the temperature below 4 °C. The resulting mixture was then heated and kept at 37 °C for 2 h. Afterwards, the mixture was diluted by adding 20 mL deionized water, followed by 10 mL H2O2 solution, followed by deionized water to remove the residual potassium permanganate and manganese dioxide. Until changing to bright yellow, the mixture was filtered and washed with 10% HCl solution and deionized water in sequence. The resulting acidic paste was dispersed in deionized water and centrifuged repeatedly, and finally dialyzed in a dialysis bag for 7 days, for additional purification. The GO dispersion (2 mg/mL) was sonicated for 5 h and then centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 30 min, to remove the unexfoliated GO.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dermatitis
- Disinfectant
- Inorganic Compound
- Manganese
- Oxidizing Agent
- Permanganate
- Potassium
- Potassium Permanganate
- Chemical Formula
- Wound