Viral Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Laurence R. Sands, Dana R. Sands in Ambulatory Colorectal Surgery, 2008
Treatment for condyloma is mainly office based. Since HPV is not curable, treatment focuses on cytodestruction of the lesions by any number of methods. Podophyllin is a resin extracted from the podophyllum plant whose active ingredient is podophyllotoxin, which is an antimitotic agent that causes tissue necrosis. The resin is applied to the wart and left to dry for four to six hours, and is then washed off. This is done once per week for four to six consecutive weeks by a physician. Podophyllin has demonstrated a clearance rate of 30% to 60% with a recurrence rate of 30% to 60%. The use of podophyllin is limited secondary to local and systemic toxicity. Podophyllotoxin has been isolated and approved for home treatment. It is less toxic and has a higher clinical clearance rate after application twice per day for three consecutive days. It has similar recurrence rates to podophyllin (13,14).
Condyloma
Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach in The Vulva, 2017
Podophyllin is derived from the roots of the Mayapple plant (Podophyllum peltatum) (46). It binds to the cellular microtubules to induce necrosis by inhibiting mitosis. Two formulations are available: podophyllin, the unpurified form, is normally suspended in a 10%–25% tincture of benzoin solution; podofilox (or podophyllotoxin) is the purified extract. Both forms are considered teratogenic, and all patients of reproductive age should be counselled of these risks. Podophyllin has fallen into disfavor and is considered a second- or third-line treatment option in the USA. The reasons for this include it being less effective, it must be administered in the office, it has potential systemic toxicity, and there have been reports of drug-related deaths.
Colon, rectum and anus
Michael Gaunt, Tjun Tang, Stewart Walsh in General Surgery Outpatient Decisions, 2018
Principles of treatment include the complete eradication of all lesions and biopsy of lesions to detect malignant change. EUA and diathermy excision of perianal and intra-anal lesions.Podophyllin: requires multiple treatments. Can cause histological changes similar to carcinoma in situ, which reverse four weeks after treatment.Bichloroacetic acid: multiple, weekly treatments are required.
A giant epidermal nevus of the face treated with a CO2 and dye laser combination: a case report and literature review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Mario Sannino, Azzurra Gaia Ambrosio, Giuseppe Lodi, Giovanni Cannarozzo, Luigi Bennardo, Steven Paul Nisticò
Epidermal nevi (EN) are benign, often focal hamartomas present or appearing shortly after birth and growing together with the child. Clinical lesions start as tan, velvety patches and then develop into hyperpigmented and papillomatous plaques. Histologically, these lesions show papillomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis and mature sebaceous glands in the dermis. EN is distributed along Blashko’s lines and are associated with defects in the ectoderm and mosaicism (1). When associated with other conditions (usually neurological issues), they constitute epidermal nevus syndrome. Giant epidermal nevus (GEN), when affecting the face and/or characterized by extensive body surface involvement, can often be psychologically devastating. EN therapy is still a challenge. Various therapies have been proposed to manage this condition, such as topical retinoids, topical and intralesional steroids, peelings, fluorouracil, podophyllin, cryosurgery, dermabrasion, and oral retinoids. These treatments have been associated with variable results, and a high risk of recurrence is usually present (2). Although resolutive, traditional surgery is usually associated with scarring and does not apply to large areas. Laser devices are becoming more and more exploited in the management of this condition (3). For the first time, we report using a combination technique between a surgical ablative laser and a vascular laser to treat a GEN.
Optimization on conditions of podophyllotoxin-loaded liposomes using response surface methodology and its activity on PC3 cells
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2019
Zeyu Wu, Tingting Wang, Yonghong Song, Yang Lu, Tianyun Chen, Pengpeng Chen, Ailing Hui, Yan Chen, Haixiang Wang, Wencheng Zhang
Podophyllotoxin (PPT, C22H22O8, chemical structure shown in Figure S1) is an arylnaphthalene lignin existed in podophyllin, a resin generated by the genus of Podophyllum, which belongs to a member of the Berberidaceae family. In 1820, PPT was included in the US Pharmacopoeia due to its biological activities (Yousefzadi et al. 2010), and also considered as the most plentiful and effective constituent isolated from podophyllin. PPT has been used in dermatology with a long history (Norton 1994). In particularly, 0.5% PPT tincture was identified as the first-line drug for genital warts treatment by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Mohanty 1994). Recently, PPT has attracted more and more attention because of another outstanding property, that is, antitumor activity. It is effective in the treatment of various cancers, including lymphomas, Wilms tumours, genital tumours, and lung cancer (Choi et al. 2015). But the clinical application of PPT as an anticancer agent is hampered by severe side effects after systemic absorption, such as gastrointestinal toxicity (Canel et al. 2000), myelosuppression, and cytotoxicity of high dosage to normal cells (Zhu et al. 2009). In order to solve the above problems, chemical modification of PPT has been carried out. Several derivatives of PPT, for example, etoposide and teniposide, have been applied in clinic field, and show remarkable performance (Sun et al. 2014). However, the major disadvantage of them is poor water solubility, which causes allergic reactions and requires the use of toxic solvents (Farkya et al. 2004). Therefore, changing the form of PPT to improve the solubility and reduce the toxicity has become an interest of achieving safe therapeutics for tumour.
‘Cryo-immuno-therapy’ is superior to intralesional Candida antigen monotherapy in the treatment of multiple common warts
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Enayat Attwa, Rehab Elawady, Eman Salah
Johnson et al. (27) used the idea of maximizing individual immune responses by injecting multiple antigen combinations which achieved a higher complete clearance (71%) than Candida antigen alone. Furthermore, Nofal et al. (17) have used intralesional Candida antigen and oral acitretin with (66.6%) complete response. Marei et al. (31) have combined intralesional Candida antigen to bivalent HPV vaccine with a (70%) complete clearance. On the contrary, Mahajan et al. (29) have studied a combination of cryotherapy and topical podophyllin with a (60%) complete clearance.
Related Knowledge Centers
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- Cell Division
- Genital Wart
- Plantar Wart
- Podophyllotoxin
- Resin
- Diarrhea
- HIV/AIDS
- Papillomavirus Infection
- Pregnancy