Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
The essential oils of A. visnaga were mainly extracted from the umbels and fruits and constituted nonterpenes, monoterpenes, diterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Oxygenated or hydrocarbon monoterpenes comprised most of the identified oil constituents, where linalool and thymol represented the highest percentage of the constituents. Other identified monoterpenes include α-thujene, α-pinène, β-pinene, and β-myrcene. Other classes of chemical compounds identified in much smaller amounts include sterols like β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-glucoside, in addition to fatty acids such as palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, petroselinic, linoleic, linolinic, arachidic, and tetracosanoic acids (Khadri et al. 2011, Khalfallah et al. 2011, Keddad et al. 2016, Sellami et al. 2011).
Fluorescence in Phytopreparations
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina in Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Juniper (Juniperus communis) berry essential oil (JEO) is traditionally used for flavoring and medicinal purposes. It also known as the common juniper, is a dioecious aromatic evergreen shrub, and has been traditionally used in many countries as a diuretic, antiseptic, and digestive and as a flavor to aromatize certain alcoholic beverages (Falasca et al. 2016). A total of 90 components have been detected, and among them, remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences have been observed in the chemical components during the ripening stages, from the green unripe berries to the bluish-black berries harvested at full maturity. The monoterpene hydrocarbons decrease during ripening, with a progressive increase in sesquiterpenes such as germacrene D (12.29–17.59%) and β-caryophyllene (7.71–8.51%), which are the major components in ripe berry essential oils. This oil and its major active component alpha-pinene have been studied for antimicrobial, antifungal, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities in a variety of settings (Bais et al. 2014). Admixture may include flavons (Bais et al. 2016). In addition, it has gained increasing popularity for skin health purposes. However, a literature search conducted by us showed no published studies regarding biological activity in human skin cells.
Monoterpenes-Based Pharmaceuticals: A Review of Applications In Human Health and Drug Delivery Systems
Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
α-pinene (C10H16), also designated as α-pinene or 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene,63 is a universal, available, and inexpensive bicyclic monoterpene.43, 113 α-pinene is present in the essential oil of several coniferous trees (genus Pinus),25, 63, 122, 134, 140 lavender,122 rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.—Lamiaceae family),63, 122, 135 and in many other different plant species.
Enhancement of chlorhexidine activity against planktonic and biofilm forms of oral streptococci by two Croton spp. essential oils from the Caatinga biome
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Brendda Miranda Vasconcelos, Antônio Mateus Gomes Pereira, Paulo Adenes Teixeira Coelho, Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante, Daniela Santos Carneiro-Torres, Paulo Nogueira Bandeira, Felipe Ferreira da Silva, Tigressa Helena Soares Rodrigues, Geovany Amorim Gomes, Victor Alves Carneiro
The process of EO extraction used in this study showed yields similar to those reported in the literature, ranging from 0.16 to 1.38%, emphasizing that the use of fresh plant material may also contribute to lower yields than those obtained with dry material (Araújo et al. 2014; Alencar Filho et al. 2017; Souza et al. 2017). Using the EOAr chemical composition, it was possible to identify 15 compounds corresponding to 98.37% of the total chemical constituents. The major component was α-pinene (54.74%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (16.08%). However, some studies have shown bicyclogermacreneto be the most abundant constituent in the EO from C. argyrophyllus leaves, from 14.0 to 38.42% (Ramos et al. 2013; Araújo et al. 2014; Ramos et al. 2017; Brito et al. 2018; Araújo et al. 2020) showing a relative frequency of this volatile substance within the Croton genus.
The common indoor air pollutant α-pinene is metabolised to a genotoxic metabolite α-pinene oxide
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Suramya Waidyanatha, Sherry R. Black, Kristine L. Witt, Timothy R. Fennell, Carol Swartz, Leslie Recio, Scott L. Watson, Purvi Patel, Reshan A. Fernando, Cynthia V. Rider
α-Pinene (Figure 1A), a bicyclic monoterpene that occurs naturally in many plants, is used widely as a fragrance and flavouring agent in consumer products and is a common indoor air pollutant. As suggested by its name, α-pinene is produced by and emitted from pine trees (Janson 1993; Geron et al. 2000). It is also found in rosemary (Gachkar et al. 2007) and Cannabis sativa (Booth et al. 2017) among other plants (Tisserand and Young 2014). The distinctive enantiospecific scents of α-pinene (pine tree scent for (−)-α-pinene and minty scent for (+)-α-pinene) make it a popular fragrance ingredient (Rastogi et al. 2001; de Carvalho and da Fonseca 2006). α-Pinene is both present in certain plant-based foods naturally and added as a flavour ingredient to others (Adams et al. 2011). It is a frequently detected volatile organic compound in surveys of indoor air (Jia et al. 2008) likely due to its presence in building materials and in household products (Rastogi et al. 2001).
Metabolic conversion of β-pinene to β-ionone in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Lujain Aloum, Mohammad H. Semreen, Taleb H. Al-Tel, Hamza Al-Hroub, Muath Mousa, Richard L. Jayaraj, Eman Alefishat, Abdu Adem, Georg A Petroianu
Many studies demonstrated that α-pinene and β-pinene exert an array of pharmacological effects such as anticonvulsant (Zamyad et al. 2019), antitumor (Matsuo et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2015), anticoagulative (Yang et al. 2011), antimicrobial (van Zyl et al. 2006; Rodrigues et al. 2015), anti-inflammatory (Rufino et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2015) and antioxidant (Türkez and Aydın 2016; Karthikeyan et al. 2018). Few studies addressed the pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of α-pinene and β-pinene (Salehi et al. 2019). Ishida et al. reported that the urinary metabolites of β-pinene in rabbits include (–)-trans-10-Pinanol (major), (–)-1-p-Menthene-7,8-diol (major), (+)-trans-Pinocarveol, (–)-α-terpineol and myrtenic acid while the urinary metabolites of α-pinene include (–)-trans-verbenol (major), myrtenol and myrtenic acid (Ishida et al. 1981). Similar metabolites were found in brushtail possum; α-pinene oral administration yielded trans-verbenol and myrtenic acid. The latter was isolated in brushtail possum fed with β-pinene (Southwell et al. 1980). In addition, verbenols, verbenone and 4-methyl-2-pentanol were produced in bark beetle exposed to α-pinene (Renwick et al. 1973; Hughes 1975; Renwick et al. 1976) while trans-pinocarveol and pinocarvone were present post treatment with β-pinene (Renwick et al. 1973). Monoterpenoid lactones were detected in the urine of koalas fed α- and β-pinene containing leaf (Southwell 1975). α-pinene urinary metabolites in humans post oral administration included myrtenol and cis- and trans-verbenol. According to the authors, GC–PCI-MS full scan of the urine also revealed three novel metabolites, where one appears to be myrtenic acid (Schmidt and Göen 2017).