Micronutrient Supplementation and Ergogenesis — Vitamins
Luke Bucci in Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
Supplementation with mixtures of B-complex vitamins has yielded ambiguous results on human physical performance. Early reports found no significant effects on exhaustive exercise,198,201,204,229 but vitamin B12 was not part of the complexes, and vitamin B6 was present in only one study. A recent report with double-blind experimental design did not find a change in treadmill endurance capacity after 6 weeks with supplementation.1 However, one early study reported an improvement of efficiency in tasks involving physical effort and coordination after niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, and vitamin C supplementation.196 Another report utilizing a double-blind design found a significant reduction of fatigue in high school males running in a hot environment.230 This study utilized higher daily doses of thiamine (100 g) and pantothenate (30 mg) than any other study, as illustrated in Table 2.
Personalization of Nutrition Advice
David Heber, Zhaoping Li in Primary Care Nutrition, 2017
Pantothenic acid is also called pantothenate or vitamin B5. Pantothenic acid is required to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA), which is intrinsic to the synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (Robishaw and Neely 1985). The structure of pantothenic acid is made up of an amide linkage between pantoic acid and alanine. Its name derives from a Greek root meaning “from everywhere,” since small quantities of pantothenic acid are found in nearly every food, with high amounts in avocado, whole grains, legumes, eggs, and meats. It commonly occurs in its alcohol form, pantothenol, and as calcium pantothenate. Pantothenic acid is used as an ingredient in some hair and skin care products, since it is reputed with no proof to prevent graying of the hair. It was discovered in 1933 by Dr. Roger Williams.
B Vitamins
Luke R. Bucci in Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Annand reported on small clinical improvements for osteoarthritic patients after 12.5 mg/d of oral pantothenate supplementation.659,660 Much later, a double-blind trial comparing placebo or 2 g of oral pantothenate for 2 months was conducted in 94 arthritic patients (47 per group).661 Both osteoarthritis (59%) and rheumatoid arthritis (27%) patients were included. Paracetamol was the only drug allowed during the study period. For the entire group, there were no significant differences between placebo and pantothenate for morning stiffness, disability score, pain, analgesic requirements, sedimentation rate, physician assessment, and patient assessment. However, when the rheumatoid arthritis subjects were regarded separately, significant improvements in morning stiffness (8.5 to 2.8 h), disability, and pain were seen for the pantothenate group (n = 8), but not the placebo group (n = 10). Significant differences between the pantothenate and placebo groups were determined for degree of disability and pain reduction. Analgesic requirements in the pantothenate group were unchanged, but increased in the placebo group. The significant results seen with low numbers of subjects make the results remarkable. The General Practitioner Research Group concluded that pantothenate supplementation merited further trials, but none have appeared to date. This is surprising considering the safety, availability, and inexpensiveness of pantothenate supplements. Thus, it is strongly recommended that a trial of pantothenate supplementation (2 g/d in 4 divided doses), along with standard analgesics, be tried in rheumatoid arthritis patients for at least 2 months before treatments with known side effects be initiated.
Concurrent PANK2 and OCA2 variants in a patient with retinal dystrophy, hypopigmented irides and neurodegeneration
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2023
Eva Wai Nam Wong, Shirley S.W. Cheng, Tiffany T.Y. Woo, Robert F. Lam, Frank H.P. Lai
We identified two concurrent homozygous missense variants: PANK2 {NM_153638.3}:c.655 G>A (p.(Gly219Ser)) and OCA2{NM_025160.6}:c.1327 G>A(p.(Val443Ile)). The PANK2 (6,7) and OCA2 (8,9) variants had been reported in literature/HGMD for multiple times as disease causing and pathogenic for panthotenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration phenotype and oculocutaneous albinism type 2 phenotype, respectively. Parental segregation was performed and revealed that both parents are heterozygous carriers of OCA2 and PANK2 variants. The two variants are at extremely low frequency in gnomAD (2.1) (EAS <0.04%). By ACMG guideline, they were classified as pathogenic [PS1, PM2, PM3, PP3, PP4] (10). The molecular diagnoses of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (OMIM#234200) and albinism, oculocutaneous, type II (OMIM#203200) were substantiated.
Metabolic and Metabolomic Effects of Metformin in Murine Model of Pulmonary Adenoma Formation
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Andrew C. Elton, Vannesa Cedarstrom, Arman Quraishi, Beverly Wuertz, Kevin Murray, Todd W. Markowski, Donna Seabloom, Frank G. Ondrey
Branched chain amino acid metabolism had three hits (L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, L-Valine), and aromatic amino acid metabolism had two (L-Phenylalanine, L-Tyrosine). Glycerophospholipid metabolism had three hits (1-Acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Acetylcholine, sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine). Lastly, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis had two hits (Pantothenate, L-Valine). The remaining metabolites were assigned though their associated pathways were not considered significant on ORA or were not assigned. The metabolites included: 3-Hydroxybutyric acid, 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, DL-Malic acid, p-Hydroxyphenyllactic acid, Indoxyl sulfate, 1,2-Diamino-2-methylpropane, Betaine, 2-Amino-1-phenylethanol, DL-Octopamine, 2-Aminoadipic acid, L-Citrulline, 8,11-Tridecadienoic acid, 13-(3-pentyl-2-oxiranyl)-, (8Z,11Z)-, LysoPC(14:0/0:0), LysoPC(P-18:0/0:0, LysoPC(18:1(9Z)/0:0), NG,NG-Dimethyl-L-arginine, ç-L-Glutamyl-L-alanine, N-L-ç-Glutamyl-L-leucine, L-Carnitine, L-Propionylcarnitine, 2-Methylbutyryl-L-carnitine, Creatine, and Uric acid. Some of these metabolites, particularly 2-aminoadipic acid and the carnitine derivatives, are associated with lysine degradation though were not included in the pathway hits, which may represent a limitation of the pathway analysis softwares (45, 46). Further studies may also investigate the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) derivatives, as they are associated with inflammation and the production of reactive oxygen species (47).
Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Jaqueline G. Borges-Vieira, Camila K. Souza Cardoso
Despite the scarce report in the literature on toxicity caused by B vitamins, attention is required in supplementing these compounds, including monitoring biomarkers concentrations, and following updated recommendations for daily intake. Among the adverse effects documented are diarrhea and yellow-colored urine (vitamin B2); skin flushing (vitamin B3); sensory neuropathy (vitamin B6); diarrhea (B5 in calcium D-pantothenate form) [109]. Vitamin B12 is related to acne development through modulation of the skin microbiota transcriptome in susceptible individuals [110], and anaphylactic reactions after intramuscular administration were documented [111,112]. However, the relationship between long-term folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and increased cancer risk is under investigation [113,114], and the role of unmetabolized folic acid in this outcome is studied [115]. The current DRI [83] for thiamine is 1.2 mg per day for men and 1.1 mg per day for women, the upper level (UL) undetermined. For vitamin B6, 1.1 mg/day for both sexes and UL of 100 mg/day. The DRI for folate is 400 mcg/day for both sexes, and UL of 1,000 mcg/day. Furthermore, for vitamin B12, the DRI is 2.4 mcg/day for both sexes, and the UL is indeterminate.
Related Knowledge Centers
- B Vitamins
- Coenzyme A
- Protein
- Vitamin E
- Carbohydrate
- Nutrient
- Fat
- Pantoic Acid
- Β-Alanine
- Vitamin