Nutraceutical Herbs and Insulin Resistance
Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno in Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Oats, which are considered unique among the cereals, belong to the Poaceae family and are known as “Jai” or “Javi” in the Indian subcontinent. In the mid-1980s, oats were recognized as a healthy food, helping prevent heart disease, and then became more popular in human nutrition. The common oat (Avena sativa) is the most important crop among the cultivated oats. Oats are suitable for human consumption as oatmeal, rolled oats, and other oat-enriched products. Recent studies in food and nutrition have revealed the importance of the various components of oats, such as dietary fiber, especially β-glucan, minerals, and other nutrients.19 Oats and oat-enriched products have been proven to control blood glucose concentrations and to be helpful in the treatment of diabetes. Several studies have suggested that oats and oat-enriched diets can significantly decrease insulin responses, FPG, and PPG in overweight and type 2 diabetic subjects,20–25 which is mainly attributed to the markedly functional properties and enormous importance of β-glucan in human nutrition. β-glucan is a kind of high-molecular-weight polysaccharide exhibiting high viscosity at relatively low concentrations, which can reduce mixing of the food with digestive enzymes and delay gastric emptying. Increased viscosity also retards the absorption of glucose.
Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat in Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Oats are available in several forms such as steel-cut oats, rolled oats, quick-cook oats, and instant oatmeal. Steel-cut oats are produced by cutting the oat groats into 2–4 smaller pieces with steel blades. Steel-cut oats are usually coarse and produce a chewy texture. Because they are not precooked, they require soaking and cooking for 20–30 minutes. Rolled oats are made by steam cooking the whole kernels and subsequently passing them through a pair of rollers, which reduces their size. Because this process partially cooks them and decreases their thickness, they only need to be cooked at home for 7–10 minutes. Quick-cook oats are made in a similar fashion but with a thinner gap between the rollers so that the resulting product is smaller in size and only needs a few minutes to cook with home methods (stovetop or microwave). Instant oatmeal is a smaller particle size version of rolled oats that are cooked at higher temperature than rolled oats so that the starch gelatinizes almost completely, and they require little additional home cooking. Other products are muesli, which is produced form oat flakes and granola, which is made by toasting the oat flakes.
Insomnia
Ethan Russo in Handbook of Psychotropic Herbs, 2015
Oats were one of the early, domesticated grains, cultivated in northern climes since the second century b.c.e. (Bisset and Wichtl, 1994). Most of the early herbalists are mute with regard to psychotropic effects of oats. However, Hildegard von Bingen offered this account (Hildegard, 1998, p. 112):“Oats are a happy and healthy food for people who are well, furnishing them a cheerful mind and a pure, clear intellect.” She added,“One who is virgichtiget, and from it has been made a bit mad, with a divided mind and crazy thoughts, should take a sauna bath. He should pour the water in which oats have been cooked over the hot rocks. If he does this often, he will become himself and regain his health.”
Effect of Midmorning Puree Snacks on Subjective Appetite, Food Intake, and Glycemic and Insulin Responses in Healthy Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Qing Guo, Julia Totosy de Zepetnek, Jennifer Chang, Julia Hayden, Stephen J. Crozier, Gagan Mongia, Dérick Rousseau, Nick Bellissimo
The addition of steel-cut oats suppressed short-term food intake, likely due to its lack of physical breakdown and difficulty in digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Our in vitro findings corroborated this hypothesis, as we observed oat particles remaining in the digesta following 120 minutes of in vitro intestinal digestion compared with the digesta of the other purees. Although maltodextrin was similar in fiber and carbohydrate content compared with oats, there was no sign of visible fiber in the former after digestion (Figure 6C). Blood glucose iAUC following oat puree consumption was 34.5% lower than with maltodextrin puree, indicating the low availability of carbohydrates in steel-cut oats for hydrolysis, likely due to the protection effect of the oat particle matrix. These findings suggest that slowly digestible and insoluble oat particles were primary determinants of satiety and reduced food intake, which is consistent with a previous study on the effect of insoluble cereal fiber on appetite and short-term food intake (4). Moreover, β-glucan release from oat particles during digestion may contribute to reduced subjective appetite and food intake (39,40).
Assessing factors associated with discharge from opioid agonist therapy due to incarceration in the United States
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2020
Phillip L. Marotta, Kristi L. Stringer, Amar D. Mandavia, Alissa Davis, Leo Beletsky, Tim Hunt, Dawn Goddard-Eckrich, Elwin Wu, Louisa Gilbert, Nabila El-Bassel
Length of OAT was categorized as less than 30 days, 30-89 days, 90-179 days, 180-364 days and greater than 1 year for the entire duration of treatment. The source of referral for treatment included indicator variables of 1) family or self-referral, 2) alcohol or drug use treatment or other health care provider court or 3) criminal justice system (Any police official, judge, prosecutor, probation officer, or other person affiliated with a federal, state, or county judicial system, referral by a court for DWI/DUI, clients referred in lieu of or for deferred prosecution, or during pretrial release, or before or after official adjudication) and 4) other (i.e schools, community or religious organization, social service providers or self-help group). Prior treatment history includes previous substance use disorder treatment episodes of one or more than one prior treatment episodes (1) or no prior treatment (0).
Safety evaluation of an oat grain alkaloid gramine by genotoxicity assays
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Manash Pratim Pathak, Rudragoud S. Policegoudra, Danswrang Goyary, Aparoop Das, Santa Mandal, Srijita Chakraborti, Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Johirul Islam, Pompy Patowary, P. Srinivas Raju, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Oat (Avena sativa L., Family: Gramineae) is a cereal widely grown worldwide and is distinct among other grains due to its multifunctional characteristics and nutritional profile (Coffman 1977, Collins 1986, Russell et al.1990, Suttie 2004, Butt et al.2008). Oat and its by-products are traditionally been used as foods as well as for the treatment of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and various other disorders (Othman et al.2011). Cai et al. (2012) reported fungi-fermented oats as one of the most effective component which could be potentially used for dietary therapy of obesity that may inhibit pancreatic lipase. Moreover, children consuming oatmeal possess lower risk of having central adiposity and being obese (O’Neil et al.2015).
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