Reactor-Produced Radionuclides
Frank Helus, Lelio G. Colombetti in Radionuclides Production, 2019
Beryllium nitride and aluminum nitride are the targets of choice. Wet and dry distillation methods have been adopted for the separation of 14C from the irradiated targets 24,25,26 In the dry method25 irradiated Al N is mixed with decarbonized CuO and is heated to 1000°C in a current of decarbonized O2. The 14CO2 produced is trapped in saturated Ba(OH)2 solution. The precipitated Ba14CO3 is filtered, washed, dried and assayed. In the wet distillation process24,26 Al N or Be3N2 is dissolved in H2SO4 or H3PO4 and the 14CO2 produced is flushed out and trapped in saturated Ba(OH)2 solution. The untrapped 14CH4 originating from the hydrolysis of carbide is oxidized by passing through decarbonized CuO held at a temperature exceeding 700°C. The resulting 14CO2 is again trapped in Ba(OH)2. The residual 14C remaining in the dissolved target is oxidized with K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4 and the 14CO2 is trapped again in Ba(OH)2. Decarbonized O2 gas is used to flush out the 14CO2. The precipitated Ba14CO3 is washed, dried and assayed. To obtain the highest specific activity for 14C, the target should contain <30 ppm of carbon impurity. The target is usually irradiated at a neutron flux exceeding 1013n/cm2/sec for 2 years.
III-Nitrides–Based Biosensing
Iniewski Krzysztof in Integrated Microsystems, 2017
The nitrides of group-III metal elements or “III-nitrides” are commonly referred to as aluminum nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), indium nitride (InN), and their alloys, all of which are compounds of nitrogen—the smallest group V element in the Periodic Table and an element with one of the highest values of electronegativity. The III-nitride material system exhibits a direct band-gap energy that can be continuously tuned from 0.7 eV all the way to 6.2 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength range from 1.78 μm to 200 nm. This makes it ideally suited toward the realization of sources and detectors for UV florescence-based biodetection.
Nickel Metal and Alloys
Jurij J. Hostýnek, Howard I. Maibach in Nickel and the Skin, 2019
Sometimes an actual chemical reaction occurs between the elements of an alloy so that an intermetallic compound is formed: thus nickel and aluminium can form Ni3Al, which is very important in strengthening the superalloys used in gas turbines. Compounds can also form with some of the minor elements present in alloys, leading for example to carbides, nitrides, and sulphides. These minor elements may be present either as deliberate alloying additions or as impurities and can have a strong influence on an alloy’s corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
Emerging theranostics to combat cancer: a perspective on metal-based nanomaterials
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Tejas Girish Agnihotri, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Aakanchha Jain
MXenes are unique type of nanomaterial due to their potential physical as well as chemical properties. These are inorganic 2D materials containing transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides. The MXene represents Max phase (M) with transition metals and (X) shows nitrides/carbides and (A) shows elements like silicone and aluminum. The general formula for these nanomaterials is represented as Mn+1 AXn, where n is in the range of 1–3 [96–99]. It has been widely employed in biomedical applications and cancer theranostics due to its suitable biocompatibility along with optical and electric properties. MXenes are used in drug delivery systems, sensory probes, and auxiliary agents for photothermal therapy and hyperthermia applications [96]. In one of the interesting works, Liu et al. [100] fabricated 2D MXenes for cancer theranostic applications. These MXene nanomaterials further linked with iron oxide NPs exhibited increased contrast in MRI of cancer. The biocompatibility of the prepared composite showed an excellent effect on clinical translation. Zong et al. [101] fabricated polyoxometalate-modified MXenes for cancer theranostics applications. The fabricated composites were given in hyperthermal treatment, along with diagnostic applications being served by CT/MRI for the tumor tissues. The MXenes were used as possible contrasting agents in CT/MRI. This allowed for both diagnostic imaging and hyperthermia treatment for cancer.
The nanotoxicity assessment of cube-like iron nitride magnetic nanoparticles at the organismal level of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Greici Gubert, Priscila Gubert, Jana Messias Sandes, Julia Bornhorst, Luiz Carlos Alves, Caroline Brandão Quines, Dante Homero Mosca
The morphological and structural analyses of the α”-Fe16N2 NPs in saline suspension were made periodically over seventeen months, and they do not show any relevant changes. This sample investigation indicates the stability of α”-Fe16N2 NPs in a saline solution for several months (Supplementary Figure 1). The stability against chemical degradation of the iron nitrides phases is expected and not surprising (Zheng et al. 2009; Bhattacharyya 2015; Namiki et al. 2011). Even so, the stoichiometric and morphological stability of α”-Fe16N2 nanoparticles in saline solution was not established. The promising potential for biological applications for iron nitrides (Fe4N) with irregular shapes was recently demonstrated, but only their stability in oleic acid was investigated (Wu et al. 2020). The Fe4N NPs exhibited saturation magnetization as high as value than that found for our α”-Fe16N2 NPs (Gubert et al. 2017).
Transcatheters for closure of patent foramen ovales
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Gianluca Rigatelli, Marco Zuin
The device consists of self-expandable double-disk prosthesis made of a nitinol wire mesh shaped into two flat disks and of a PET membrane sewed into each disk, to increase sealing and tissue growth over the prosthesis soon after delivery [21]. A special characteristic of this device is the ceramic coating (titanium nitride) on the wire mesh that reduces the risk of thrombosis and provides fast endothelialization, thus improving biocompatibility. Furthermore, it provides a 90% reduction of nickel release in the blood stream. Differently from other devices, the prosthesis comprises only one stainless steel hub at the right atrial disk for cable connection and a connection system to the delivery cable. The delivery system allows a maximum range of Pivot 360° for accurate positioning during the procedure.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Band Gap
- Boron Nitride
- Carbide
- Chemical Synthesis
- Chemistry
- Gallium Nitride
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Nitrogen
- Metal Nitrido Complex
- Hydrogen Storage