Ethnobotany of the Silk Road – Georgia, the Cradle of Wine
Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin in Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Nicotiana rustica (tutuni in Georgian) has been cultivated for a long time and is found in most regions of Georgia, including high mountain areas. Nicotiana tabacum was only introduced during the Soviet period for commercial use.
Green tobacco sickness: mecamylamine, varenicline, and nicotine vaccine as clinical research tools and potential therapeutics
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2019
Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica are the two types of nicotine-based plant that are grown and cultivated. The relatively low nicotine yield of Nicotiana tabacum is the preferred choice among most users, thereby creating the widespread popularity of tobacco worldwide. The higher nicotine yield of Nicotiana rustica is optimal for extraction, isolation, and purification of the nicotine that is added to replacement products used for smoking cessation and liquids that are now widely used in electronic nicotine delivery systems (i.e. e-cigarettes). Because nicotine’s popularity and widespread use appears stable for many years to come, and perhaps could be growing with newer and assumed to be safer methods of self-administration, farming and production of nicotine-based plants will remain attractive, especially for poor economies existing in hot and humid climate zones. Large numbers of farm workers will inevitably come into dermal contact with the relatively high amounts of nicotine that presumably cause green tobacco sickness. The reasons for exposure will be multi-factorial: lack of knowledge regarding the risk, lack of access to personal protective equipment, and improper use of such equipment. This article is written to not only highlight and increase awareness of green tobacco sickness, but also to generate the necessary clinical studies to improve health care options to prevent and attenuate green tobacco sickness.
The effect of Transtheoretical Model based motivational interviewing on smokeless tobacco cessation in high school students
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Filiz Taş, E. Ümit Seviğ, Zeynep Güngörmüş
Smokeless tobacco (ST) products are widely used in India and other Asian countries, in some parts of Africa, the USA, China, Japan and some Northern European countries. These products, which are available in various forms and types, are consumed without burning the product, and can be used orally or nasally by chewing, sucking or sniffing (Boffetta et al., 2008; Kurtul & Gökpınar, 2012). Maras Powder (MP), one of these products, is a special kind of ST widely used in the southeast region of Turkey especially in Kahramanmaras and Gaziantep and other southeastern cities (Sucakli et al., 2013). This product is obtained by mixing the leaves of the plant called Nicotiana Rustica Linn with the powder mixture obtained from oak, walnut or vine rod after drying and pulverizing the leaves. This mixture is placed between the lower lip, upper lip or buccal mucosa, and the gum is spat out after being kept in the mouth for 5–10 minutes. This process is repeated throughout the day according to the degree of habit and even some people sleep with this powder in their mouths (Kurtul & Gökpınar, 2012).
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