Diphyllobothrium, Adenocephalus, and Diplogonoporus
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Niclosamide is another effective drug against D. latum200,208,242 and Dip. balaenopterae infections when taken as a single oral dose of 2 g in adults111,225,263 and 1 g in 2- to 6-year-old children, followed by a laxative after 2 hours.263 The pharmacological mechanism of niclosamide involves inhibition of glucose uptake and oxidative phosphorylation in the anaerobic metabolism of the worm.268 The side effects of niclosamide are seldom, mainly because it is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It may, however, cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and itchiness. Similar to PZQ, niclosamide can also be used during pregnancy.263
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero in Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Niclosamide, a salicylanilide, inhibits oxidative phosphor-ylation in the cestode mitochondria, killing the worm on contact. Niclosamide has been shown to have no teratogenic effect in rat and rabbit studies (45). No human malformations have been reported (pregnancy category B). The drug is poorly absorbed, but no information is available on niclosamide levels in breastmilk or on its ability to cross the placenta. There are inadequate data to assure the safety of uninterrupted breastfeeding following niclosamide therapy. Since single-dose therapy is used, temporary interruption (24 hours) of breastfeeding with disposal of milk can accommodate this therapy.
Drug Repurposing and Novel Antiviral Drugs for COVID-19 Management
Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom in COVID-19, 2022
Niclosamide (NIC) (FW-1002 [First Wave Bio]; ANA001 [ANA Therapeutics]) is a well-known anthelmintic agent used for tapeworm infestations. The action of niclosamide against SARS-CoV-2 is by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2)-inhibition preventing autophagy and blocking endocytosis, thus disrupting replication. This mode of action is thought to decrease the gut viral load. AzurRx BioPharma has started its Phase II clinical trial to evaluate safety and the potential of micronized oral NIC tablets to improve outcomes and reduce hospital stay in patients with COVID-19 gastrointestinal (GI) infections [36].
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in Guatemala: a prevalent public health problem?
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Roderico David Hernández-Chea, Paola Morales-Ramírez, Marisela Hernández, Andrea Toledo, Alejandro Hun, Edda Sciutto, Agnès Fleury
Three commercial anthelmintics, albendazole, praziquantel and niclosamide, have been widely used with great efficacy against taeniasis. Niclosamide and albendazole are registered and approved by the IGSS (Guatemalan Social Security Institute) as anthelmintic drugs. Allan et al. [17] used niclosamide in a mass drug administration (MDA) program against T. solium in two rural communities in Guatemala. The prevalence of human taeniasis before MDA was 3.5% (56/1582), but it decreased to 1% (11/1116) 10 months later. All tapeworms collected were identified as T. solium. Parallel to human taeniasis, the high seroprevalence (55%, 148/269) of porcine cysticercosis before MDA decreased to 7% (22/300) 10 months after the intervention. Despite its success in these communities, the effect of these actions was not followed up. In addition, there are no standardized national protocols for the treatment of patients with taeniasis in Guatemala. With respect to NCC, although albendazole is widely used in the country, there are no standard protocols for the care, management, and treatment of NCC patients.
Emerging hormonal agents for the treatment of prostate cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Emily Bochner, Sam Gold, Ganesh V. Raj
Another AR-targeted agent of interest is niclosamide, an oral medication commonly used in the treatment of tapeworms. Niclosamide has a wide range of molecular targets, including Wnt/beta-catenin, mTORC1, STAT3, NF-kB, and Notch pathway signaling [59]. Its oncologic applications and anti-tumor activity have been elucidated in various solid and hematologic tumors. Recent studies have shown the anti-tumor activity of niclosamide in PCa occurs through AR-V7 targeting [60]. As mentioned, the presence of AR-V7 allows for ligand-independent AR signaling. In a key study, Liu et al. found niclosamide can reverse hormone resistance in enzalutamide and bicalutamide-resistant PCa [61]. However, the phase I dose escalation study investigating the use of niclosamide in combination with enzalutamide in men with CRPC, was limited by toxicity and the inability to achieve minimum effective concentration in preclinical studies [62]. Adverse events included nausea, anorexia, weight loss, and vomiting. A phase I trial investigating the safety of reformulated niclosamide in combination with enzalutamide is currently underway (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03123978). However, achieving optimal niclosamide dosing while balancing adverse events secondary to niclosamide may prove to be a challenge. There is an ongoing phase II study investigating the side effects and efficacy of niclosamide in combination with abiraterone and prednisone in men with CRPC (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02807805).
Promising treatment strategies to combat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections: an updated review
Published in Biofouling, 2020
P. S. Seethalakshmi, Riya Rajeev, George Seghal Kiran, Joseph Selvin
Niclosamide is an antihelminthic drug used to treat Hymenolepis diminuta tapeworm infections in humans (Pearson and Hewlett 1985). Torres et al. (2016) found that niclosamide inhibited planktonic growth of S. aureus by 50% at a concentration of 1.2 µM, and inhibited the growth of cells in a biofilm by 50% at 6 µM. Zhurina et al. (2017) reported that 50% inhibition of biofilm formation was observed when S. aureus MFP03 and S. aureus 209 P strains were grown at 0.77 µg ml−1 and 0.05 µg ml−1 niclosamide, respectively. In addition to this, the study also concluded that a weak additive anti-biofilm activity was observed when azithromycin at 0.5 μg ml−1 was used in combination with 0.025 μg ml−1 niclosamide against S. aureus 209 P. Gwisai et al. (2017) reported that niclosamide exhibited antibacterial activity at MIC concentration in the range 0.156-0.313 µg ml−1 against MRSA. Also, niclosamide coatings were effective in preventing the attachment of S. aureus, hence the application of niclosamide can be extended as antimicrobial coatings in medical devices.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anthelmintic
- Constipation
- Cysticercosis
- Glucose Uptake
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Eucestoda
- Diphyllobothriasis
- Hymenolepiasis
- Taeniasis
- Praziquantel