Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Anton C. de Groot in Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
In studies for an Austrian PhD Thesis, the volatile fraction of MP was investigated by the following extracting methods: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2 with CO2), solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and hydrodistillation (197). The major constituents identified by hydrodistillation were the sesquiterpene nerolidol with 46,1% and benzyl benzoate with 44,6%. Eighteen components of MP were identified all together. Major constituents in the volatile fraction extracted by SPME were nerolidol with 38.0%, benzyl benzoate with 31.1%, as well as benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and trans-beta-cymene. The major constituents in SFE´s extracts were benzyl benzoate with around 60%, followed by benzyl cinnamate showing the highest value of 33% in vial4 and nerolidol with approximately 16% in vial2 (197).
Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oil Compounds
K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer in Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Nerolidol 10 showed protective effects in the rotenone-induced neurodegeneration model of PD (Javed et al., 2016). Rotenone induced a marked state of oxidative stress (reduced SOD, CAT, and GHS and increased MDA), neuroinflammation (increased proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and mediators COX-2 and iNOS) in rat brain tissues. Consistently, increased activated astrocytes (GFAP), microglia (Iba-1) and loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and dopaminergic nerve fibers in the striatum were observed. As expected from its well-documented antioxidant capacity, nerolidol increased the level of SOD, CAT, and GSH, and decreased that of MDA. Nerolidol also inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators and prevented glial cell activation and the loss of dopaminergic neurons and nerve fibers. Overall, data suggest that nerolidol attenuates rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Why Terpenes Matter—The Entourage Effect
Betty Wedman-St Louis in Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Some minor cannabis terpenoids enhance the benefits of major terpenoids, but research is limited on their therapeutic use [18]. A number of them listed below are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Acetylcholine in the brain is used to facilitate communications between nerve cells. Pulegone AChE inhibitorSedative1,8-Cineole Increases cerebral blood flowStimulantAntibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatoryTerpineol AChE inhibitorAntibiotic, antioxidantSedative, relaxing effectΔ-3-Carene Anti-inflammatoryUsed to dry out excess tears, mucus, sweatGeraniol Anti-tumor, antibacterial, antifungalAntioxidantNeuroprotectantBisabolol Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobialAntioxidantNerolidol SedativePotent antimalarial
GC-MS Profiling and Antineoplastic Activity of Pelargonium Inquinans Ait Leaves on Acute Leukaemia Cell Lines U937 and Jurkat
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Ogochukwu Izuegbuna, Gloria A. Otunola, Graeme Bradley
The treatment of the RAW 264.7 cells with Pelargonium inquinans extracts caused a decrease in COX-2 expression by most of the extracts The fresh acetone extract and the acetone dried extract showed more anti- COX-2 inhibition than celecoxib and were of almost equal inhibition strength with aminoguanidine (Figure 5). The Pelargonium spp are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. Crude extracts of Pelargonium graveolens have recently been shown to inhibit prostaglandins and thromboxanes- end products of the COX-2 pathway -production in RAW 264.7 cell culture44. A nanoemulsion containing geranium oil in macrophages was shown to inhibit COX-2 gene expression as well as other inflammatory mediators45. The essential oils of Pelargonium spp are famed for their soothing and anti-inflammatory effects46. Eugenol, a phenylpropene also detected in our study is known to inhibit COX-2 expression in RAW 264.7 cells47. Nerolidol, a sesquiterpene alcohol also discovered in this study and widely used in the food and cosmetics industry is reported to have both anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity48. Pelargonium inquinans from our study has shown it has dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties.
Oral delivery of nerolidol alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced renal inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via modulation of NF-κB/cleaved caspase-3/TGF-β signaling molecules
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Ashif Iqubal, Abul Kalam Najmi, Shadab Md, Huda Mohammed Alkreathy, Javed Ali, Mansoor Ali Syed, Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
The outcome of the present study showed the potent renal protective potency of nerolidol against cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity. We found that administration of a single dose of cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg, p.o induced renal toxicity via oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and histopathological aberrations. In the in vivo study, when Nerolidol was used at the dose of 400 mg/kg, a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antifibrotic effect via increased activity and level of SOD, CAT, GSH, and reduced level of MDA was observed. Nerolidol 400 mg/kg also reduced the expression of -κB, cleaved caspase-3, and Smad3 along the level of TNF-α, IL-6, Il-1β, kidney injury markers, TGF-β1, and other fibrotic markers. In the in vitro study, nerolidol at the 50 µM reduced the expression of NF-κB, caspase-3, and TGF-β1. However, no significant renal protection was exhibited by the lower dose of nerolidol in the in vivo (200 mg/kg, p.o) as well as in vitro study (25 µM). This ineffectiveness could be due to lower doses and pharmacokinetic limitations such as low bioavailability and low solubility, resulting in inferior therapeutic outcomes. We further conclude that the estimation of p-Smad2/3, mitochondrial ROS, and redox signaling pathways should be explored, and it can be considered a limitation of this study. Furthermore, more detailed cellular and molecular studies are needed to use nerolidol as an adjuvant among patients treated with chemotherapeutic drugs.
The beneficial effects of nerolidol and hesperidin on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model*
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Rauf Melekoglu, Osman Ciftci, Sevil Eraslan, Aslı Cetin, Nese Basak
The primary role of free radicals, as signaling molecules mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, in the pathophysiology of endometriosis has been demonstrated [5,6]. Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid that is found in Citrus species such as orange and lemon. Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol that is present in the essential oils of numerous plants with a floral odor. The antioxidant, radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory effects of hesperidin and nerolidol have been demonstrated in several studies, but no studies have investigated the effects of hesperidin or nerolidol on endometriosis [7,8].
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