Separation and Isolation of Plant Constituents
Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf in Fingerprinting Analysis and Quality Control Methods of Herbal Medicines, 2018
According to World Health Organization (WHO), a medicinal plant is any plant of which is one or more of its organs contain substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes or which are precursors for chemo-pharmaceutical semi synthesis. Such a plant will have its parts, including leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, barks, flowers, fruits, grains or seeds, employed in the control or treatment of a disease condition, and will, therefore, contain chemical components that are medically active. These non-nutrient plant chemical compounds or biological active components are often referred to as phytochemicals or phyto-constituents and are responsible for protecting the plant against microbial infections or infestations by pests. Phytochemicals have been isolated and characterized from fruits, vegetables, spices, beverages, and so on. The plants are applied in different forms such as poultices, concoctions of different plant mixtures, infusions as teas or tinctures or as component mixtures in porridges and soups administered in different ways including oral, nasal, rectal, topical, and so on (Yalavarthi et al., 2013).
Green Metal-Based Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Medicinal Plants and Plant Phytochemicals against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi in Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
With regard to finding antimicrobial agents, effort has been put into determining the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts, particularly the compounds of such plant extracts that could be separated to detect its microbial activity alone. These compounds include, but are not limited to, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenolic compounds. Thus, plants and their phytochemicals have great potential for use in various industries such as the pharmaceutical industry. Using medicinal plants in therapeutic practices is considered safer than synthetic drugs. In addition, medicinal plants are used and highly accepted by people not only for therapeutic purposes, but also for cosmetics, health products and food flavouring. Medicinal plants have a long and geographical widespread acceptance. Moreover, plant-based materials are relatively low in cost (Ke et al., 2012).
Medicinal Plants: A Potent Antimicrobial Source and An Alternative to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Jayanta Kumar Patra, Gitishree Das, Sanjeet Kumar, Hrudayanath Thatoi in Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Over the centuries plants are being used to treat several diseases. Medicinal plants are the potential source for the antimicrobial agents that can be used for the production of new medicines. The search for new antimicrobial compounds is being necessary to overcome the problem of antimicrobial resistance caused by existing medicines. Medicinal plants can be used as an alternative towards this. Numerous studies have proved the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants either in the form of essential oil or extract. Sometimes plant’s part can also be used as a source of medicine. This property of medicinal plants has the potential to serve as a drug compound, which is a need of the time. Numerous studies have reported to show the potential application of plant components, but still, there is a place to find new plant species for their medicinal properties.
The effect of chronic supplementation of Nigella sativa on splenocytes response in rats following treadmill exercise
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Zahra Gholamnezhad, Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Mahmoud Hosseini
Medicinal plants are rich in essential nutrients and phytochemical substances. Athletes also take such herbs to improve their physiological or metabolic status for better performance (Williams 2006). Some supplements contain medicinal plants or their constituents, including plant polyphenol, Echinacea, caffeine, Purple Willow bark, Cayenne pepper, and Ginger root (Williams 2006, Gleeson and Williams 2013). There are few studies about the effect of herbal plants on exercise. The ergogenic effects of some plants, including capsaicin, ginseng, Piper methysticum G. Forster and Hypericum perforatum were evaluated in a few studies and meta-analyses. However, there is not enough evidence for their effectiveness (Williams 2006). In addition, there are controversies about the beneficial effect of supplementation with glutamine, carbohydrate, fatty acid, vitamin C and E, and zinc on the athletes’ immune system (Gleeson 2016). In some control trials, the prophylactic effects of Echinacea against upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) as well as its ergogenic properties in athletes, were evaluated (Baumann and Kwak 2016, Schoop et al.2006). Despite “subjects’ high acceptance rate” and reports of preventing episodes of URTIs in winter (Schoop et al.2006), its effectiveness over placebo and its immune system function-enhancing effects in athletes, have not been confirmed yet (Gleeson 2016).
Bioactive constituents of Salvia przewalskii and the molecular mechanism of its antihypoxia effects determined using quantitative proteomics
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Yafeng Wang, Delong Duo, Yingjun Yan, Rongyue He, Shengbiao Wang, Aixia Wang, Xinan Wu
Medicinal plants commonly contain many bioactive constituents that have multiple biological activities. Rosmarinic acid is an abundant phenolic ester and has reported a range of biological effects of anti-diabetes (Ngo et al. 2018), anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities (Amoah et al. 2016). Salvianolic acid B is one of abundant molecule isolated from the aqueous fraction of S. miltiorrhiza and has been shown to exert various antioxidative, anti-inflammatory (Chen et al. 2011), antitumour (Wang et al. 2013; Sha et al. 2018), and anti-emphysema (Dhapare and Sakagami 2018) effects. In the present study, we demonstrated that extracts from SPM contain two main components, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. The bioactivity of SPM extract may be associated with the components.
Gastroprotective activity of (E)-ethyl-12-cyclohexyl-4,5-dihydroxydodec-2-enoate, a compound isolated from Heliotropium indicum: role of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and sulfhydryls in its mechanism of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yaraset López-Lorenzo, María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza, Daniel Arrieta-Baez, Adriana Guadalupe Perez-Ruiz, Jesús Arrieta
As can be appreciated, it is necessary to seek alternative treatments for peptic ulcers. Medicinal plants are one of the principal sources of new compounds with therapeutic activity (Torres-Rodríguez et al. 2016). Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant that contains tannins, saponins, steroids, oils, and glycosides, and has been employed to clean and heal wounds, alleviate fever, relieve eye infections, and treat menstrual problems, nervous disorders, kidney disease, and ulcers (Adelaja et al. 2008; Nethaji et al. 2013). Since the key compounds responsible for the gastroprotection activity of the plant have not yet been identified, the aim of the current contribution was to isolate, through a bioassay-guided study, at least one such compound, evaluate it with ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice, and explore the possible participation of prostaglandins, NO, and sulfhydryl groups in its mechanism of action.
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