Quantum Dots as Biointeractive and Non-Agglomerated Nanoscale Fillers for Dental Resins
Mary Anne S. Melo in Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
The synthesis of ZnOQDs was performed via the self-organization of the particles or the so-called bottom-up process based on a previous study (Meulenkamp 1998). For this purpose, firstly, 125 mL of isopropyl alcohol was cooled up to 4°C. Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, 0.25 mmol: 0.0548 g) was added to 42 mL of isopropyl alcohol in a glass vial, and the solution was sonicated until complete dissolution of the zinc acetate dihydrate. Parallelly, lithium hydroxide anhydrous (LiOH·H2O, 0.7 mmol: 0.0167 g) was added to 8 mL of ethanol in another glass vial, which was also sonicated until the complete dissolution of the solute. Then, both solutions were cooled to 4°C.
Pathological Processes of the Eye Related to Chemical Exposure
David W. Hobson in Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Some examples of caustic chemicals in the acids group which may produce ocular damage are acids — sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, chromic, liquid sulfur dioxide, and trichloroacetate. Some examples of caustic chemicals in the alkalies group which may produce ocular damage are calcium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide.
Hair Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals
Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt in Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Alkaline straighteners contain 1–10% sodium hydroxide (lye-relaxer), lithium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or a combination of these ingredients such as guanidine carbonate and calcium hydroxide (no-lye relaxers). Ammonium thioglycolate is another “no-lye” relaxers, which selectivity weakens the hair cysteine bonds: it is then oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and, applying a hot iron during the process, the hair straightening can be obtained.
Synthesis and evaluation of a large library of nitroxoline derivatives as pancreatic cancer antiproliferative agents
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Serena Veschi, Simone Carradori, Laura De Lellis, Rosalba Florio, Davide Brocco, Daniela Secci, Paolo Guglielmi, Mattia Spano, Anatoly P. Sobolev, Alessandro Cama
For the synthesis of compounds 1–61, we followed the synthetic approaches outlined in Figure 1. Derivatives 1–12, 14–46 (Figure 1(A)) have been easily synthesised by reacting nitroxoline with the proper alkyl/benzyl bromides or α-bromoacetophenones; these reactions were performed in N,N’-dimethylformamide (DMF), in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and under nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. In addition, compound 12 was hydrolysed in mild conditions using lithium hydroxide (LiOH) in a mixture of water and methanol (in the ratio 50:50, v:v) at room temperature, to provide the carboxylic acid derivative 13. For compounds 47–61, the same reactions involving 4-nitrophenol or 4-nitrothiophenol were performed (Figure 1(B)). The structures were confirmed by spectral studies (1H/13C/19F NMR), whereas the purity of these compounds was confirmed by combustion analysis, TLC parameters, crystallographic studies (for compound 16) and melting point evaluation. In silico analysis of the most active compounds was performed by using the online free software SwissADME, a web tool that allows to appraise pharmacokinetics, as well as drug-likeness (the probability to be an oral drug) and medicinal chemistry friendliness (PAINS) of small molecules23. Target prediction was attempted taking advantage of the SwissTargetPrediction web tool24.
Study of biodistribution and systemic toxicity of glucose functionalized SPIO/DOX micelles
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Nussana Thitichai, Chalaisorn Thanapongpibul, Man Theerasilp, Witaya Sungkarat, Norased Nasongkla
For PLAs of both molecular weights (4.7 and 6.4 kDa), the allyl end of PEG-b-PLA was converted to amino-PEG-b-PLA using a radical reaction with 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride. First, allyl-PEG-b-PLA was employed to prepare micelles in an aqueous solution by the solvent evaporation method. Second, the freeze-pump-thaw method was applied to remove oxygen from the micelle solution. Then, K2S2O8 (1.0 molar equivalent of allyl-PEG-b-PLA) and 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (15 molar equivalents of allyl-PEG-b-PLA) were quickly added into the solution. Next, the solution was stirred at 52 °C for 5 h under dried argon. The product was then purified by dialysis against water for 24 h (molecular weight [MW] cutoff: 5000 Da). Finally, pH of the micelle solution was adjusted to 9.4 by adding a 0.1 M lithium hydroxide solution, and the mixture was then lyophilized.
Comparative chemical and biological hydrolytic stability of homologous esters and isosteres
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Hygor M. R. de Souza, Jéssica S. Guedes, Rosana H. C. N. Freitas, Luis G. V. Gelves, Harold H. Fokoue, Carlos Mauricio R. Sant’Anna, Eliezer J. Barreiro, Lidia M. Lima
Compounds 1–12 were submitted to hydrolysis by treating with lithium hydroxide, using a mixture of THF and H2O, and incubation at 37 °C under stirring. The time in minutes required to reduce half the initial amount of each ester compound (i.e., half-life - t1/2) was calculated using the expression t1/2 = 0.693/a, with "a" being the slope of the natural log of concentration of the sample vs. the incubation time.
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