Bone Regeneration Effect of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Extract and Its Isolated Compounds
Brijesh Kumar, Vikas Bajpai, Vikaskumar Gond, Subhashis Pal, Naibedya Chattopadhyay in Phytochemistry of Plants of Genus Cassia, 2021
The anti-oxidant effect of kaempferol in osteoblasts has been studied. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose (dRib) is a sugar with a high reducing capacity and induces oxidative stress and kaempferol mitigates dRib-induced oxidative stress in MC3T3-E1 cells by reducing malondialdehyde content (Suh et al., 2009). Kaempferol is also known to activate both ERα- and ERβ transactivation and promote the expression of osteogenic genes (Guo et al., 2012; Tang et al., 2008). In MC3T3-E1 cells, induction of differentiation by kaempferol was accompanied by autophagy assessed by the expression of beclin-1, sequestosome-1, and conversion of LC3-II to LC3-I (Kim et al., 2016). Kaempferol also protects osteoblasts against dexamethasone-induced apoptosis through the activation of the ERK pathway (Adhikary et al., 2018). Together the data suggest that kaempferol promotes osteogenic differentiation, protects against oxidative stress, and drug-induced apoptosis. The signaling mechanisms are varied including ER, BMP, mTOR and autophagy pathways.
Bioflavonoids
Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt in Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
The capability of kaempferol to reduce the oxidative stress can possibly be a beneficial positive effect on cardiovascular diseases.97 Kaempferol also prevents arteriosclerosis by inhibiting LDL oxidation and platelet formation. Kong evaluated the kaempferol effect on rabbit models encouraged by atherosclerosis and, after treatment of kaempferol for a period of 10 weeks, with a high-level cholesterol regimen, the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, the vascular adhesion molecule-1, and the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression in the aorta of the rabbits was considerably reduced. This suggests that kaempferol can relieve vasoconstriction and can prevent atherosclerosis.58Ampelopsis cantoniensis is mainly composed of myricetin, which inhibits the oxidation of -LDL induced by the (Cu2+) metal ion and (AAPH) free radical.38 The A. cantoniensis extract can hence be used similar to a natural remediation agent to inhibit the oxidized low-density lipoprotein, which contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. To prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, myricetin blocks the uptake of macrophage oxidized low-density lipoprotein and plays an important role in the prevention of atherosclerosis.64
Structure-Function Elucidation of Flavonoids by Modern Technologies
Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee in Natural Medicines, 2019
The IUPAC name of kaempferol is 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. These are common in plants and are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. As per a review article by Calderon-Montano et al. (2011), 400 plant species from various families are listed along with the types of kaempferol isolated (Calderón-Montaño et al. 2011). Kaempferol (Figure 3.6) is found either in its native form or may be bound to glucose, galactose and rhamnose to form glycosides. As far as dietary kaempferol is concerned, it is found abundantly in tea, broccoli, apples, strawberries and beans (Somerset and Johannot 2008). Kaempferol exhibits various therapeutic effects and is supposed to be a potent drug against various ailments. The biggest advantage of this phytochemical is its selective cytotoxicity to cancerous cells (Ramos 2007; Mylonis et al. 2010; Kim and Choi 2013) rather than normal cells (Zhang et al. 2008). Apart from this, kaempferol also has potential therapeutic activity against diabetes (de Sousa et al. 2004; Zang et al. 2011; Zhang and Liu 2011), inflammation (Rho et al. 2011; Kong et al. 2013) and cardiovascular diseases (Curin and Andriantsitohaina 2005).
Kaempferol alleviates LPS-ATP mediated inflammatory injury in splenic lymphocytes via regulation of the pyroptosis pathway in mice
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2019
Changliang He, Jia Yang, Xiaolin Jiang, Xiaoxia Liang, Lizi Yin, Zhongqiong Yin, Yi Geng, Zhijun Zhong, Xu Song, Yuanfeng Zou, Lixia Li, Wei Zhang, Cheng Lv
First, the cytotoxicity assay showed that kaempferol did not cause a significant rise in toxicity in SLCs at concentrations of 0–100 µM during 24 h. Unexpectedly, we found that kaempferol had proliferative potential in SLCs. Lymphocyte proliferation was directly linked to immunocyte vitality, which is essential for physiological function and humoral and cellular immunity [36]. Our results indicate that kaempferol may render an immunologic enhancement to immune system through the promotion of lymphocyte growth. While these data contradicted Mu et al.’s study [37], it is possible that this discrepancy was a result of a difference in kaempferol concentration treatment times. Kaempferol is a dietary flavonoid found in many plants. The majority of previous investigations have found that kaempferol has beneficial properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anti-cancer agent [26]. Based on our model of inflammatory injury, we observed that kaempferol had an integrative effect as both an anti-inflammatory with antiapoptotic factor.
Possible radioprotection of submandibular glands in gamma-irradiated rats using kaempferol: a histopathological and immunohistochemical study
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Salwa Farid Ahmed, Noura Mohammed Bakr, Nora Abdelgawad, Dina W. Bashir
Kaempferol, a natural flavonol-type flavonoid, is found in various fruits and vegetables including beans, broccoli, cabbage, gooseberries, grapes, kale, strawberries, tomatoes, citrus fruits, brussels sprouts, apples, grapefruits, and different medicinal plants (Li et al. 2015; Sharifi-Rad et al. 2018). Kaempferol and its glycosylated derivative exert several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant (Suchal et al. 2016), antidiabetic (Chandramohan et al. 2015), anticancer (Yi et al. 2016), and anti-inflammatory effects (Ren et al. 2019). It plays a positive modulating role in inflammatory-mediated conditions, such as cancers, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting inflammatory cell function and downregulating of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Devi et al. 2015). Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of kaempferol on the SMGs of rats exposed to fractionated gamma irradiation similar to fractionated therapeutic protocols used in humans.
Mechanochemical preparation of kaempferol intermolecular complexes for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Wenhao Xu, Murong Wen, Jingbo Yu, Qihong Zhang, Nikolay E. Polyakov, Alexandr V. Dushkin, Weike Su
Kaempferol, a natural flavonol, possesses numerous pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities [1,2]. Diabetes mellitus is generally characterized by hyperglycaemia and poor metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins [3]. Roughly, 422 million of global adult population was suffering from this endocrinal disorder in 2014 [4]. Different structural features of kaempferol, such as the presence of a double bond at C2=C3 in conjugation with an oxo group at C4, and abundant hydroxyl groups bounding at C3, C5, and C4’, can render antioxidant property to the molecule [5,6]. Oxidative stress may arise to excess free radicals or depleted antioxidative enzyme system, which may destroy the beta cells, trigger insulin resistance, and eventually precipitate diabetes [7]. However, low aqueous and lipid solubility of kaempferol limit its passage across biological membranes and makes the molecule poorly bioavailable [8]. An effective and novel formulation of kaempferol can improve its bioavailability and efficacy.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- Ethanol
- Hypericum Perforatum
- Soybean
- Flavonoid
- Flavonols
- Bean
- Tea
- Ether
- Euphorbia Pekinensis