Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
L.D. Kapoor in Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — Seeds contain 37 to 44% of a fixed oil which consists of glyceryl combined with 30 to 40% linoleic acid, mucilage (15%) (6% in the testa); proteins, amygdalin, resin, wax, sugar, and ash (3 to 5%). Ash contains sulfates and chloride of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Linseed oil contains 10 to 15% of mineral substances, chiefly phosphates of potassium, calcium, and magnesium and about 25% of protein substances. Pure fresh oil is colorless; commercial oil is dark yellow; on exposure to the air, oil dries to a transparent varnish consisting chiefly of linoxyn. The seeds, leaves, stem, and roots contain a cyanogenetic glucoside, phaseolunatin (linamarin).44 The oil has a high iodine value since it contains considerable quantities of glycerides of unsaturated acids. Other constituents such as phylin, lecithin, etc. are reported to be present. β-Carotene forms 22 to 30% of the total carotenoids.37
Types of Evidence
Donald Gillies in Causality, Probability, and Medicine, 2019
The control diet was a standard American diet containing 40% fat calories, mostly of animal origin. The experimental diet was designed to be as similar to the standard diet as possible, except that about two thirds of the animal fat calories were replaced by vegetable oils, such as corn, cottonseed, safflower, and soybean. In effect, the total fat content of the diet was about the same, but two thirds of the saturated fat had been replaced by unsaturated fat. Two other small changes were that the mean iodine value was increased from 53.5 in the control to 102.4 in the experimental diet; while the cholesterol content was reduced from 653 mg/day in the control to 365 mg/day in the experimental diet. The latter change was brought about by having less eggs – the usual source of dietary cholesterol.
Using iodine for analysis
Tatsuo Kaiho in Iodine Made Simple, 2017
The iodine value is an indicator used to evaluate the properties of oils, fats, and biodiesel fuel. The carbon-carbon double bond within an organic compound has high reactivity, and its deterioration may cause a fire and oxidation by air may cause heat generation.
The Quality Determination of Selected Commercial Online Purchased Edible Pomegranate Seed Oils With New Argentometric Liquid Chromatography Method
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Agnieszka Białek, PhD, DSc, Małgorzata Białek, PhD, Tomasz Lepionka, PhD, Elżbieta Tober, Marian Czauderna, PhD
As there are no legal regulations dedicated to PSO dietary supplements, standard analytical methods used for quality determination of edible oils have been applied. Refractive index (nD) was determined according to ISO 6320:2017 (ISO 2017). The content of double bonds was determined as iodine value (IV) according to ISO 3961:2018 and expressed as mg I2/100 g oil (ISO 2018). The content of hydroperoxides was determined as peroxide value (PV) according to ISO 3960:2017 (ISO 2017). Results are expressed as mEq O/kg oil. The content of free fatty acids was determined as acidic value (AV) according to ISO 660:2009 (ISO 2009). Results are expressed as mg KOH/g oil. The color of oil was performed in CIE L*a*b* system using a Minolta CR-400 chromatometer with glass cell (10 mm optical path) attachment CA-A98 (Konica Minolta, Inc., Tokyo, Japan), according to Moczkowska et al. (2017). The diameter of the measuring head was 8 mm. The device was calibrated on a white standard plate (L* = 98.45, a* = −0.10, b* = −0.13). Illuminant D65 (color temperature: 6500 K) and a standard observer (2°) were used. Color coordinates: L* (lightness or luminance), a* (greenness/redness), b* (blueness/yellowness) were measured at ten randomly selected places on each sample surface and expresses as mean of ten repetitions.
Consistent Iodine Status Assessment in Chinese Adults by Different Spot Urinary Iodine Concentrations in a Day Together With Corresponding Correction Coefficients
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Wendi Liu, Peng Zhang, Xin Zhao, Maocheng Sang, Xiaotong Liu, Lu Liu, Shiyan Liu, Haiyue Lin, Zhongna Sang
Mixed linear models showed that there were statistically significant differences in urinary iodine value among different time points (F = 11.702, p = 0.000). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in urinary iodine value between males and females (F = 1.235, p = 0.267). Moreover, there was also no statistically significant difference in the interaction between sex and time (F = 0.430, p = 0.651). Further pairwise comparisons of UIC in the three sampling time points showed that the UIC at 6:30 to 7:00 was lower than both that at 10:00 to 10:30 (157.69 μg/L vs 181.75 μg/L) and that at 16:00 to 16:30 (157.69 μg/L vs 198.15 μg/L), and the differences had statistical significance (t = −0.080, p = 0.012; t = −0.152, p = 0.000). In addition, UIC at 10:00 to 10:30 was lower than that at 16:00 to 16:30 (181.75 μg/L vs 198.15 μg/L), and the difference was also statistically significant (t = −0.072, p = 0.020).
Synergistic hepatoprotective effects of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids from Indian flax and sesame seed oils against CCl4-induced oxidative stress-mediated liver damage in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Sunil Chikkalakshmipura Gurumallu, Tareq Aqeel, Ashwini Bhaskar, Kannan Chandramohan, Rajesha Javaraiah
Variation in lipid parameters such as fatty acid content, oxidative stability, iodine value, saponification value, etc. was shown to be strong risk factors for various cardiovascular diseases and fatty liver. Earlier studies have demonstrated that hypercholesterolemic rats fed with a diet rich in flax and pumpkin seed mixtures exhibited significant decrement in atherogenic index, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL/HDL ratio, increased HDL level, and improvement in antioxidant status in hepatic tissue, and renal function (Makni et al.2008, FadlAlla et al.2014). This could be due to the presence of ALA and LA fatty acids and fibers present in the seeds. Thus, the results of our present investigation are in line with previous reports (FadlAlla 2014).
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