Autofluorescence as a Parameter to Study Pharmaceutical Materials
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina in Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Anthraquinones. The anthracenic derivatives known mainly as red anthraquinones are included in the color group of coupled three (frangulin in Frangula alnus) or four condensed benzenes (hypericin from Hypericum perforatum L., fam. Hypericaceae) (Roshchina 2008, 2014; Roshchina et al. 2016b). On thin-layer plates, the anthraquinone frangulin shows red fluorescence (Wagner and Bladt 1996). Anthraquinones excited by UV light fluoresce in orange-red with maxima 500, 550, and 650 nm (Francis et al. 2014). The autofluorescence of similar compounds will also be considered in Chapter 3, where there are examples of predominant components in a mixture. The total fluorescence picture in stem particles from the medicinal species buckthorn Frangula alnus Mill. (family Rhamnaceae) enriched in the anthraquinone frangulin (Murav’eva et al. 2007) seen under a luminescence microscope shows red- and blue-fluorescent parts (Roshchina et al. 2016b). These pictures can be seen in Chapter 3, Section 3.9, Figures 3.11–3.12. Unlike frangulins, another red pigment, hypericin, is concentrated in special glands and reservoirs of Hypericum perforatum L. (family Hypericaceae) in both leaves and flowers (Brockman et al. 1950; Roshchina 2014). The concentrated pigment (see Chapter 3, Section 3.11, Figure 3.14) fluoresces in red with maximum 600 nm.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF Hypericum mysorense Heyne
V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina in Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
The genus Hypericum is a large genus of herbs or shrubs with more than 450 species distributed worldwide. The plants grow widely in temperate regions and are used in folklore medicine in many parts of the world. It has attracted much attention in investigation of metabolites, many of which are biologically active compounds with phloroglucinol moiety (Decosterd et al., 1991). It has been reported that it contains some antiviral prenylated phloroglucinol derivatives (Tada et al., 1991), and variety of compounds such as flavonoids (Chung et al., 1997), xanthones (Wu, 1998a), chromenyl ketones (Wu, 1998b), hyperforins derivatives (Decosterd et al., 1989), n-alkanes (Brondz et al., 1983) napthodianthrones (Kitanov et al., 2001), and essential oil (Cakir et al., 1997). The phytochemistry of Hypericum has attracted the attention of scientists mainly for the two marker compounds, hypericin and hyperforin due to their potent biological activities.
Catalog of Herbs
James A. Duke in Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Formerly used as a source of the antidepressant, hypericin, also known as hypericum red. Hypericum red dyes wool and silk deep violet red. Boiled with alum, however, it is said to produce a yellow dye.180 Very small quantities appear to have a tonic and tranquilizing action on the human organism.20 Success has been reported in treating vitiligo by oral and topical administration application of hypericum extracts.6 Blossom, capsule, leaf, and stalk are said to be antibiotic (patented as a possible food preservative). The Greek name Hypericum means “over an apparition” in the belief that the herb was so obnoxious to evil spirits that only a whiff would cause them to fly away. Aqueous extracts inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of late the herb tea and the olive-oil floral extract have gained new popularity in Europe for anuria, anxiety, depression, gastritis, and unrest, the oil extract also used externally to promote healing and reduce hemorrhoids and inflammation.17
Investigation the effect of Hypericum perforatum on corneal alkali burns
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Uğur Yılmaz, Hüseyin Kaya, Murat Turan, Ferda Bir, Barbaros Şahin
There are studies investigating the anti-inflammatory and wound healing effect of Hypericum perforatum on the skin in the literature12–14. Additionally, several studies have reported the antiangiogenic effect of Hypericum perforatum during pathological neovascularization: in their study, Schemp et al.15 found that hyperforin significantly inhibited tumour growth, induced apoptosis of tumour cells, and reduced tumour vascularization; Higuchi et al.16 described a reducing effect of hypericin on the pathological retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy; Lavie et al.17 reported a reducing effect of intraperitoneally injected hypericin on corneal angiogenesis induced by ocular injection of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Besides, hypericin is known to induce phototoxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and in human lens epithelial cells but it does not show this effect without visible light exposure18,19. So it is important to take enough precautions like keeping from light before application of this agent.
Potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of Hypericum hookerianum extracts in a liposome system evaluated with zebrafish embryos
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2019
P. S. Pradeep, S. Manisha, J. Monica Amala Nayaki, D. Sivaraman, R. Selvaraj, S. Seeni
Medicinal plant extracts, products and other bioactive constituents are becoming increasingly popular, especially due to the lack of side effects common to most modern medicines (Gurib-Fakim 2006). Several species of Hypericum including the most popular St. Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum) (Linde et al.1996) and less popular Hooker’s wort (H. hookerianum) produce pharmacologically important secondary metabolites the occurrence and distribution of which has elicited considerable scientific interest (Mukherjee and Suresh 2000). The genus Hypericum contains around 490 plant species of which H. perforatum is well tested for photosensitising, antimicrobial and antiviral properties, characteristic of the naphthodianthrone derivatives, hypericin and pseudohypericin (Karioti et al.2010, Dementavicius et al.2016) and are assayed for photodynamic therapeutic applications (Zhang et al.2014, Jendželovská et al.2016). Hypericum hookerianum from high altitudes of South Western Ghats in Southern India is exceptionally characterised phytochemically (Varghese and Sooriamuthu 2013, Joseph Varghese et al.2016) and pharmacologically (Mukherjee et al.2001, Dongre et al.2008). Published reports indicate that H. rochelii, H. pruinatum and H. hookerianum (Çirak et al.2006, Stojanovic et al.2013) may contain both hypericin and hyperforin to fight depression while most others contain significant concentrations of antiviral hypericin.
Level of clinical evidence of herbal complementary therapies in psychiatric disorders
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2019
Derya Ozsavci, Ozlem Bingol Ozakpinar, Mesut Cetin, Feyza Aricioglu
Hypericum perforatum L. (St John’s worth): H. perforatum, commonly known as St John’s wort (SJW), is a herbal remedy that has been used to treat emotional distress since the end of the 15th century. Hypericin (0.3–0.5%), hyperforin (3.0%) and various flavonoids are found in the content of the plant. In recent years, it is the first-line treatment option in the treatment of major depressive disorders in certain European countries. H. perforatum has an affinity for receptors of numerous neurochemical systems. In a comparative 27 clinical trials with 3808 depressive patients, St John’s wort and SSRI were compared and St John’s wort demonstrated comparable responses and remission rate like SSRIs with lower clinical side effects in ameliorating depressive symptoms [15]. Similarly, in another meta-analysis study H. perforatum was found as effective as SSRI in depressive cases and authors suggested that, these effects were limited as the treating time with extract (from 4–12 weeks period) and long-term efficacy and safety of Hypericum extract remain to be examined [16]. In a mechanistic study with 23 participants (13 patients and 10 controls with major depressive disorder), it has been emphasized that St John’s worth has no effect on MAO-A [17]. There are also other studies showing the effectiveness of H. perforatum in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder and anxiety [16,18,19].
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