Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews in Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
The DSM-5 describes symptoms of inattention as off-task behaviors, wandering, disorganization, and lack of persistence or focus that does not occur due issues of comprehension or defiant behaviors. A person may seem distracted or forgetful, missing out on commitments they have made to friends and family. Hyperactivity can present as excessive and inappropriate motor activity in children and adults and as extreme restlessness in adulthood. Impulsivity includes actions that are hasty and initiated without forethought and that have potential to harm, as well as failure to consider long-term consequences and social intrusiveness (APA, 2013). While those living with ADHD may identify how illicit substance use can provide initial relief of symptoms, the compounding effects of ongoing substance use coupled with symptoms of co-occurring disorders on a bedrock of lack of attention and impulsivity indicates a need for multimodal treatment to assist those in this category (Maté, 2019).
Topic 4 Child Psychiatry
Melvyn W.B. Zhang, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho, Basant K. Puri in Get Through, 2016
Symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity include the following: Waiting in lines or awaiting turns in games causing frustration.On the move most of the time, such as running and climbing.Restlessness and jitteriness.Squirms on the seat.Talks excessively without appropriate response to social constraints.Fidgets with hands and feet.Answers are blurted out before questions.Interruption of other people’s conversations.Loud noise in playing (hyperactivity).
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel in Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: It is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (overactivity). About 3%–7% of school-aged children in the United States had ADHD in 2003, with 2.5 million children medicated for the condition. A study on organophosphate pesticides published in 2007 found a tentative link between the exposure to pesticides and brain development. The authors of the report noted: “more than 1 billion pounds of pesticides are used annually in the United States, three-quarters of which are used in agriculture”. Recent biological monitoring studies indicate that pesticide exposures are widespread in the U.S. population, including pregnant women and children.
The efficacy of mindfulness-based intervention in ameliorating externalizing behaviors and attentional concerns among college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Shailja Sharma, Ronald Palomares-Fernandez
The BASC-318 was used to measure attention problems and externalizing behaviors. Responses on the BASC-3 generate standard scores (M = 100, SD = 15) on all subscales and composites. Higher scores on the clinical scale (ie, standard Score >70) indicate clinically significant concerns when compared to individuals of that age. Externalizing behaviors and attention concerns selected for this study were anger control, inattentiveness, and hyperactivity in college students. The Externalizing Behaviors scale consisted of total 29 items, including all of the 11 items measuring Hyperactivity, all of the eight items measuring Anger Control, and all of the 10 items measuring inattention. The BASC-3 manual describes the Anger Control index as a measure of the tendency to become irritated and/or angry quickly and impulsively along with an inability to regulate affect and self-control.18 Inattention is defined as a tendency to report being easily distracted and unable to concentrate more than momentarily. Hyperactivity is defined as the tendency to report being overly active, rushing through work or activities, and acting without thinking.18 The Attention Problems scale was comprised 10 items, and the reliability value was computed to be .85 (coefficient alpha) for the age group of 15–18 years. The coefficient alpha reliability for the scale specifically customized for this study was computed to be .92. The BASC-3 also demonstrated satisfactory validity.18
Pre-school mental health disorders: a review
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2020
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children, with estimates ranging from about 5 to 10% (Danielson et al., 2018; Gilliam, 2005). About 30% of children with ADHD receive the diagnosis before the age of 6. Primary care providers most commonly make the diagnosis (53%), psychologists account for 14%, leaving less than a third who are diagnosed by psychiatrists (Gilliam, 2005). ADHD can be diagnosed and treated if a child presents with symptoms of developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity that are impairing and have been present for more than 6 months across multiple settings. Additionally, the history and physical examination should not point to another diagnosis (Wolraich et al., 2011).
Sleep problems and mental health among young Norwegian adolescents
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2018
Ingebjørg Hestetun, Martin Veel Svendsen, Inger Margaret Oellingrath
Parents gave information about their children’s mental health problems by answering the parental version of the extended Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) [43], which is a 25-item screening questionnaire for assessing mental health problems in children and adolescents aged 4–16 years. Three of the five subscales cover symptoms of psychiatric disorders. In our analyses, we used these three subscales, each with five items. Each item, referring to a possible strength or difficulty, is rated by the parent on a three-point scale as not true, somewhat true or certainly true. The emotional symptoms scale covers problems such as having many worries or fears, and complaints of headaches. The conduct problems scale covers problems such as having a hot temper, fighting, lying, or cheating. The hyperactivity scale covers symptoms such as being overactive, impulsive, and easily distracted. To what extent the child’s problems have an impact on the daily functioning is also rated.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Attention
- Developmental Psychology
- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Emotional Dysregulation
- Executive Dysfunction
- Impulsivity
- Neurodevelopmental Disorder
- Mental Disorder
- Hyperfocus
- Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
- Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder