Inhalational Durg Abuse
Jacob Loke in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Hashish is a more refined preparation from the Cannabis sativa plant with 5-10 times more tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) per weight than marijuana (Pillard, 1970; Henderson et al., 1972). The active ingredients in the hemp plant are concentrated in the resin at the flowering top of the plant, and hashish is prepared by scraping this resin from the plant. This refined product is usually marketed in small compressed briquets and smoked with a pipe. The hashish is shaved from the briquet into the pipe bowl; a small piece of screen is placed in the bottom of the bowl to prevent the inhalation of burning and irritating particles (Tennant et al., 1971). Corrected for differences in potency, the physiological and psychological effects of hashish are essentially identical to those of marijuana.
Consciousness, Sleep and Hypnosis, Meditation, and Psychoactive Drugs
Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay in Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
The cannabis plant has been cultivated since ancient times for its psychoactive properties. It creates a high feeling, cognitive and motor impairment, and sometimes hallucinations. The dried leaves, stems, flowers, and seeds are used to produce marijuana, while the resin of the plant is used to produce hashish. Marijuana and hashish are usually smoked but may be taken orally, mixed with tea or food. The active ingredient in both substances is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). When marijuana is smoked, THC reaches the brain in less than 30 seconds. Low doses of THC (5–10 milligrams) typically produce a sense of well-being, mild euphoria, and a dreamy state of relaxation. At high doses (30–70 milligrams), marijuana may produce sensory distortions that resemble those of hallucinogenic drugs.
A Battleground of Facts
Jonathan C. Beazley, Stephanie Field in Cannabis on Campus, 2018
It must have been a fascinating scene. Imagine being in a Parisian apartment sometime in the 1840s, witnessing some of the leading writers, poets, and artists of that time—possibly such luminaries as Théophile Gautier, Honoré de Balzac, Charles Baudelaire, and maybe even Alexandre Dumas and Eugène Delacroix—eating pieces of bread lathered with a sweet, nutty, greenish paste known as majoun. This Middle Eastern “confection” is made up of ground pistachios, spices, honey, and … hashish. The men then sit and wait for it to take effect. They are members of a group that came to be known as Le Club Des Hashishins, the Club of the Hashish Eaters.110 Among them is Dr. Jacques-Joseph Moreau, a psychiatrist, known back then as an alienist. In 1845, he will publish the first scientific book about the effects of cannabis on the psyche, some of which was based on his own experimentations shared with this august group: Du Hachisch et de l’aliénation mentale (Hashish and Insanity). Among Moreau’s description of the psychotomimetic effects of hashish were as follows: “acute psychotic reactions, generally lasting but a few hours, but occasionally as long as a week.” The reaction seemed dose-related, and its main features included paranoid ideation, “illusions, hallucinations, delusions, depersonalization, confusion, restlessness and excitement. There can be delirium, disorientation and marked clouding of consciousness.”111
Cannabis use among a sample of adult male Jordanian inmates: use, consequences and associated factors
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Sukaina Alzyoud, Ali Shotar, Kaveh Khoshnood
Cannabis derives from the Cannabis sativa plant, which has the psychoactive ingredient delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Greydanus et al., 2013). The part of the plant that contains the highest content of THC is the flowering tops of the female cannabis plant (UNODC, 2018). The UNODC (2018) reported that marijuana, which consists of the dried flowering tops and leaves of the plant, contains a range of 2% to 20% of THC. Marijuana is typically rolled into a marijuana cigarette (joint) (Greydanus et al., 2013; WHO, 2015). Hashish, which consists a purified and compressed form of dried cannabis resin and the compressed flowers typically taken from the underside of the Cannabis sativa leaves, contains a range of 2% to 20% THC. It is mainly produced in North Africa, the Middle East and Southwest Asia (Seshata, 2014; WHO, 2015).
Underreporting of past-year cannabis use on a national survey by people who smoke blunts
Published in Substance Abuse, 2022
Austin Le, Benjamin H. Han, Joseph J. Palamar
For cannabis use, participants were asked whether they had used marijuana or hashish (cannabis) in the past 12 months. It was explained that marijuana is also called pot or grass, and that it is usually smoked (in cigarettes called joints or in a pipe) and that it is sometimes cooked in food.25 It was further explained that hashish is a form of cannabis also called hash, which is typically smoked in a pipe. They were also reminded that another form of hashish is hash oil. This question did not, however, ask specifically about blunt use. Later in the survey, participants were asked about past-year use of blunts, which was defined as when someone takes some tobacco out of a cigar and replaces it with marijuana. Since questions about blunts did not stem directly from the general cannabis use questions, some responses could be discordant or contradictory (i.e., self-reported blunt use without earlier reported use of cannabis). We created a variable indicating whether a discordant response was provided. Specifically, we created a binary variable indicating who reported blunt use but did not report cannabis use compared to those who reported cannabis use and did not provide a discordant response. We also created a variable indicating reported cannabis use or blunt use in order for us to provide a corrected estimate of use.
Perception and practices regarding cannabis consumption in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2021
Syed Saboor Hasan, Asim Shaikh, Rohan Kumar Ochani, Muhammad Moinuddin Ashrafi, Zunaira Navid Ansari, Syed Hina Abbas, Muhammad Khalid Abbasi, Muhammad Ahmed Ashraf, Wajid Ali
Cannabis is the most widely cultivated, produced, trafficked, and consumed drug worldwide, with an estimated 182.5 million users globally (United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime, 2016]. Cannabis is a drug derived from the flowery/resinous exudates of the female cannabis Sativa plant, a species of the Cannabinaceae family. The main psychoactive constituent of cannabis is delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which tends to provide the user with feelings of euphoria or commonly referred to as the ‘high’. Cannabis users either consume the dried flowers or leaves of the plant, marijuana, or the resinous secretions of the plant, hashish. Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporization, within the food, or as an oily extract (Gray, Watson, & Christie, 2009).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cannabis
- Psychoactive Drug
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- Cannabinoid
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- Bong
- Vaporizer
- Ingestion
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