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Surfactants in Cosmetic Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Ricardo Pedro, Kenneth A. Walters
Other components of the non-ionic class are surfactants derived from polyols, such as glycerol esters. Glyceryl monostearate is most commonly used in lotions, creams and lipsticks. Glycol esters are used as emulsifying agents, dispersants, consistency agents, opacifiers and pearlizers. Many non-ionic surfactants are used as emollients, acting in the prevention and relief of dryness of the skin, as well as in its protection. They are substances that give softness and flexibility to the skin. They act by retaining water in the stratum corneum by forming a water-in-oil emulsion. The emollients also enhance the spreadability of the formulation, increase the penetration of active ingredients into the skin, assist in the dispersion of pigments, and act as emulsifiers and co-solvents.
Chemistry and Biology of Monoglycerides in Cosmetic Formulations
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
Glyceryl monostearate functions as an emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener, opacifier, or emollient in products such as skin creams and lotions, antiperspirants (creams and roll-ons), shampoos, cream hair rinses and conditioners, as well as suntan creams and lotions.
Use of Nanocarriers to Enhance Artemisinin Activity
Published in Tariq Aftab, M. Naeem, M. Masroor, A. Khan, Artemisia annua, 2017
The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution after intravenous administration of DHA in NLCs and in solution were compared. Glycerol monostearate and Miglyol® 812 were used as solid lipid and liquid lipid materials, respectively. The surfactants used were Tween 80 (1%) and Poloxamer 188 (1%). Each preparation was injected through the tail vein at the DHA dose of 10 mg/kg. Following intravenous administration of the DHA solution, the mean measured peak plasma concentration achieved was 917.51 ng/mL, and for the drug-loaded NLCs it was 289.28 ng/mL. After 2 h, the plasma concentration was lower for the DHA solution than for the drug-loaded NLCs because of its solubility in plasma and ensuing rapid distribution and elimination, and the slower release of DHA from NLCs, which led to lower clearance. The AUC (0 ∼ ∞) increased from 633.97 ng/mL/h for the drug solution to 1382.45 ng/mL/h for the drug-loaded NLCs. However, the clearance decreased from 15.77 to 7.23 (mg/kg/h·(ng/mL)) accordingly.
Choline and PEG dually modified artemether nano delivery system targeting intra-erythrocytic Plasmodium and its pharmacodynamics in vivo
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Ruili Wang, Guangyu Shi, Liqing Chai, Rongrong Wang, Guoshun Zhang, Guolian Ren, Shuqiu Zhang
Artemether (purity ≥99.0%) was supplied by Chongqing Huali Wulinshan Pharm. Co., Ltd. (Chongqing, China). Glycerol monostearate (GMS) was purchased through the Tianjin Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute (Tianjin, China). Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) was supplied by the Sasol Chemical Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil (RH40) was obtained through the Shanghai Yunhong Chemical Preparation Auxiliary Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The PEG stearate (n = 40) (PEG2000-SA) was provided by Tokyo Chemical Industry (Shanghai, China). The choline-PEG derivative (CD-PEG-SA) was designed by our laboratory. Coumarin-6 (C6) was purchased through Beijing Bailingwei Tech. Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). The Hoechst 33342 was supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Shanghai, China).
Design of novel tacrolimus formulations with chemically synthesized oils for oral lymphatic delivery
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Takayuki Yoshida, Kazuhiro Sako, Hiromu Kondo
Oils containing stearic acid are candidates for efficient lymphatic delivery of drugs and reducing drug blood exposure. The percentage of lymphatic transportation of lipids in total oral absorption (lymph plus portal vein) is as follows: stearic acid (78%, 18:0) > palmitic acid (68%, 16:0) > linoleic acid (63%, 18:2) > myristic acid (59%, 14:0) > linolenic acid (55%, 18:3) > lauric acid (45%, 12:0) after intraduodenal infusion of micelles [32]. Further, lipid transportation speed into the lymph is as follows: linolenic acid (6.6 µmol/h, 18:3) > myristic acid (5.7 µmol/h, 14:0) > linoleic acid (5.6 µmol/h, 18:2) > palmitic acid (5.3 µmol/h, 16:0) > lauric acid (4.3 µmol/h, 12:0) > stearic acid (4.0 µmol/h, 18:0) [33]. Moreover, addition of oils with saturated long-chain fatty acids with a high melting temperature such as stearic acid is expected to reduce the blood AUC of drugs [33,34]. Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), a synthetic oil with stearate moieties, is expected to increase the transportation of drugs into the lymph and decrease drug absorption into the blood. We therefore investigated the effects of adding GMS to MCT on blood AUC and IL-2 suppression.
Formulation, optimization, and characterization of rifampicin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of tuberculosis
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Nimitt V. Chokshi, Hiren N. Khatri, Mayur M. Patel
Rifampicin (RIF) was obtained as a kind gratis supply from Lupin pharmaceuticals Inc., Aurangabad, India. Compritol 888 ATO was kindly donated by Gattefosse India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Stearic acid and stearylamine were obtained from Himedia laboratories, Mumbai, India. Dynasan 118, Dyansan 116, Dynasan 114 and Softisan 154 were obtained as gift samples from CremerOleo, Germany. Glyceryl monostearate was obtained as a gift sample from Hallstar. Cetyl Palmitate (Brand: Crodamol CP) was obtained as a gift sample from Croda, Mumbai, India. Polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, Span® 20 and Span® 80 were purchased from Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. Cremophor RH 40, Cremophor EL, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 407 and Solutol HS 15 were obtained as gift samples from BASF India Ltd., Mumbai, India. Phospholipon® 90 G, Phospholipon® 90 H, Lipoid® S 75 and soy lecithin (Source: soy) were obtained as gift samples from Lipoid, Germany GmbH. Mannitol was purchased from Central Drug House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India. Sephadex G-50 (coarse grade) was purchased from MP Biomedicals, USA. All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and the solvents were of HPLC grade.