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Seaweed as Source of Plant Growth Promoters and Bio-Fertilizers
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Sananda Mondal, Debasish Panda
In seaweeds the existence of gibberellin-like substances is well known nowadays. The presence of gibberellic acid in Enteromorpha prolifera and Ecklonia radiata has been reported by Jennings (1968). At least two compounds have been recorded that behave like the gibberellins GA3 and GA7, although these may be vitamins A1 and A4 (Stephenson, 1968). A terpenoid, α-tocopherol, a major component of the E group of vitamins present in seaweeds, may mimic gibberellin activity (Gopala, 1984; Jensen, 1969). Gibberellin-like compounds are also readily found in a diversity of seaweeds. It is thought that these compounds may break down during the manufacturing process. Gibberellin activity has been found in some freshly made-up seaweed preparations (Panda et al., 2012).
Growing Ginseng Plant in China and the United States
Published in Joseph P. Hou, The Healing Power of Ginseng, 2019
Seeds stratified immediately upon ripening sprouted after 8 months; those stratified after 4 months of storage under dry conditions sprouted in 19 months. In the last few years, Japanese and Soviet botanists have developed a new and effective method of hastening germination with a chemical agent called gibberellic acid.6 Gibberellic acid has been widely used in promoting growth of plants, especially the growth of seedlings.7 Gibberellic acid belongs to the family Giberellins, and so far at least 14 gibberellins have been isolated. This plant growth promoter is obtained from the fungus Gibberella fujikoroi (Sawada) Wollenweber.
In Vitro Studies on Chemical Regulation of Gametangial Formation in Bryophytes
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
Some endogenous substances (antheridiogens) are known to regulate antheridial formation in ferns like Anemia phyllitidis, A. rotundifolia, Lygodium japonicum, Dryopteris filix-mas, Onoclea sensibilis, and Ceratopteris.15,29’30 These compounds are structurally similar to gibberellins.31 Takeno and Furuya32 reported that in L. japonicum archegonial differentiation is inhibited by the application of GA3. Gibberellic acid is reported to promote flowering in some higher plants,33 but its effect on sex expression is variable. It increased femaleness in some plants, whereas in others it enhanced maleness.34 Mohan Ram and Jaiswal35 demonstrated that gibberellins induce male flowers in genetically female plants of Cannabis sativa. The female plants, however, reverted to the production of female flowers when the applied gibberellins were depleted.
Echinacea biotechnology: advances, commercialization and future considerations
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2018
Jessica L. Parsons, Stewart I. Cameron, Cory S. Harris, Myron L. Smith
Light is essential for the growth of plants and for the regeneration of shoots in culture. While callus, root and suspension cultures are generally maintained in the dark, exposing these cultures to light can have beneficial effects on their phytochemical content. Continuous light for 14 days significantly increased CAD levels in cell suspensions of E. angustifolia (Guarnerio et al. 2012). Similarly, hairy root cultures of E. purpurea incubated under continuous light showed not only an increase in CADs but also thicker roots that developed a purple colour, indicating the production of anthocyanins. Increased CAD and anthocyanin production have been linked to the activation of PAL enzymes, although the mechanism of PAL activation by light is unknown (Abbasi et al. 2007b). Enhanced production of CADs and anthocyanins was also observed by Abbasi et al. (2012) with the application of gibberellic acid to E. purpurea hairy roots. If light treatment can produce effects comparable to certain elicitors, then light-induced effects on secondary metabolite production warrants further investigation. In particular, it would be interesting to test different wavelengths, intensities and light/dark regimes to determine if the same or greater effects can be achieved without continuous bright light.
Effects of co-exposure to imidacloprid and gibberellic acid on redox status, kidney variables and histopathology in adult rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018
Bornia Lafi, Mariem Chaâbane, Awatef Elwej, Malek Grati, Kamel Jamoussi, Hela Mnif, Tahia Boudawara, Hanen Ketata Bouaziz, Najiba Zeghal
Gibberellic acid is the most commonly used PGR in agriculture of many countries, in order to enhance fruit growth like date palm (Ben Abdallah et al.2000) and some vegetables such as pepper (Arous et al.2001) and olive (Chaari-Rkhis et al.2006).