Introduction
Tina Stevens, Stuart Newman in Biotech Juggernaut, 2019
Scientists pondered the ethical limits of human genetic engineering in advance of the expected technical ability, emerging finally in the early 1970s, to perform genetic interventions. Chastened by the eugenic underpinnings of the Third Reich’s “final solution,” eugenic impulses within the postwar scientific community subsided. The scientific journal, Annals of Eugenics, founded in 1925, for example, changed its name in 1954 to Annals of Genetics, the title it still bears. (Astonishingly, the British Eugenics Society became the Galton Institute only in 1989.) But eugenic impulses did not vanish. Alternative names were found – “euphenics” or “germinal choice” and, thus disguised, eugenic ideas lurked furtively in scientific papers and conferences (Stevens, 2003). But the influence of the atomic experience remained visibly galvanizing. Dramatic imagery at one 1970 conference featured a mushroom cloud intertwined with the double helix (Weiner, 1999, p. 55).
Community regeneration and complexity
David Kernick, Helen Bevan in Complexity and Healthcare Organization, 2018
During May to September 1995, the health visitors therefore initiated a series of meetings with representatives of health, education, social services, local government and police. From the outset it was recognized that community involvement would be essential to the success of the project. Twenty key tenants were identified by the health visitors as having the necessary skills to engage their peers and were invited to work in partnership with the statutory agencies. Of these 20, five agreed to participate. Resourced by the local government housing department, they received training to become proficient in submitting grant applications, and forming and maintaining a constituted committee. This group subsequently established a formal tenants’ and residents’ association. They went on to produce a hand-delivered newsletter, along with a ‘one-to-one’ chat to all households, informing residents of the plans for the estate. This proved to be fundamental in galvanizing the community to articulate and prioritize their concerns.
Global Narratives
Kevin Bardosh in One Health, 2016
However, this optimistic view was tempered by other perspectives. Some suggested that, while interactions improved, these rested very much on the dramatic outbreak form of influenza, and its associated politics; ‘the turf needs to be political for the seed to grow. It needs a strong political platform [that you only find in an outbreak scenario]’, as one interviewee put it. While avian influenza (and subsequently swine flu) established the political and funding momentum for One Health, these new organizational mechanisms need to be extended to endemic diseases and situations that do not threaten Northern populations. But galvanizing the international community is clearly more difficult. As a former US State Department official observed, the One Health agenda does not, seem to be getting the same high-visibility traction and funding from governments and others as many of us would think was warranted because once that immediate scare from H5N1 seemed to have receded … we’ve lost some of that high-level political impetus for it.
Repeated intratracheal instillation of zinc oxide nanoparticles induced pulmonary damage and a systemic inflammatory response in cynomolgus monkeys
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Eun-Jung Park, Soo Nam Kim, Cheolho Yoon, Jae-Woo Cho, Gwang-Hee Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Junhee Park, Inhee Choi, Seung Hyeun Lee, Jeongah Song, Hyun-Ji Lim, Min-Sung Kang, Hong-Soo Lee
Zinc is the second most ubiquitous trace element in the human body. It is essential for maintaining normal biological functions, and, thus, unbalanced zinc homeostasis can be linked to various diseases. For instance, zinc is a structural constituent which binds to approximately 10% of all proteins in the human body, it is also involved in various biological activities including cell movement, development of connective tissue, bone and tooth, systemic growth, endocrine regulation, cytokine production, and the immune response (Beyersmann and Haase 2001; Fukada et al. 2008; Iavicoli, Fontana, and Bergamaschi 2009; Fukada et al. 2011; Prasad 2014; Yang et al. 2017). Meanwhile, the zinc chloride-based smoke was developed for strategic purposes in the military, thus, most of subsequent incidents following exposure to the zinc chloride-based smoke was occurred during military trainings (Idrissi et al. 2017). Zinc is also a ubiquitous element in the Earth’s crust, the oceans, and the atmosphere, indicating the possible exposure to particles generated by mechanical breakdown (Beckett et al. 2005). Additionally, occupational exposure to high concentration of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a mode of particles or fume can be generated in industrial process for welding, cutting, or galvanization of zinc or zinc-containing alloys, and US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health suggested 5.0 mg/m3 averaged over a 10-h work shift as the permissible exposure limit value for fume and dust (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services 2007; WORKSAFE. 2020).
Malaria interventions and control programes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2021
Akwaowo Bassey Orok, Olusola Ajibaye, O. Oluwagbemiga Aina, Godswill Iboma, Sunday Adagyo Oboshi, Bamidele Iwalokun
The effectiveness of implementing malaria vector control strategies in the context of the various eco-epidemiological types has been challenging (World Health Organization, 2006). From the pictorial topography of the ecosystems that ranges from the desert, savannah, forest, wetland, coastal areas, plains and valleys (World Health Organization, 2006) where the vector breeds unabated, malaria control from a vectoral-aquatic angle looks like a very tall dream. Also, various agricultural development projects such as irrigation, poor water channelization and ubiquitous open well/water reservoirs in most communities, flood and poor housing types especially among the poorest of the poor are the galvanizing factors that provide vectoral breeding sites with ease. Despite these challenges, key vectoral control program such as IRS and LLIN recommended by WHO has been used in most settings and communities with some degree of success (Ediau et al., 2013; World Health Organization, 2006). However, knowledge about IRS is inadequate and negative perceptions about its use are prominent especially among the rural and less educated individuals (Ediau et al., 2013).
Trends and risk factors in the antibiotic management of skin and soft tissue infections in the United States
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Michael H. Storandt, Christopher D. Walden, Abe E. Sahmoun, James R. Beal
We found an association with antibiotic prescriptions and region among visits treated with MRSA coverage versus MSSA coverage antibiotics. MSSA coverage was more likely prescribed in the West and Midwest for treatment of SSTI. This is similar to previous work from patient visits between 1993 and 2005 that found that providers in the West were more likely to utilize antibiotics targeting MSSA (11). Furthermore, we found MRSA class drugs were more likely in the South region, which is consistent with a study analyzing patient visits for abscess/cellulitis between 1997 and 2005 (4). In contrast to previous data, however, we also the two classes were used similarly in the Northeast. Previous data has suggested providers in the Northeast were more likely to prescribe MRSA class antibiotics, which may indicate a shift in practice ideology of prescribers in more recent years considering the data pool for previous work was from 1993 to 2012, while our data pool is from 2011 to 2016 (11). This shift may be in response to recent galvanization around antibiotic stewardship and we may see significant change moving forward.
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