Estrogen Receptors and Hormone Responsiveness in Serially Transplanted Mammary Tumors in Rats*
Louis P. Pertschuk, Sin Hang Lee in Localization of Putative Steroid Receptors, 2019
The experimental sections were air dried for 1 hr in a refrigerator kept at 5°C after they were cut. They were then rehydrated with 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 2 min, then carefully drained. The fluorescent conjugate, 17-beta-estradiol-6-(0)-carboxymenthyl)oxime-BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate (E2-BSA-FITC), was added to each section so that they were completely covered, and the slides were placed in a darkened humidified chamber for 2 hr. The slides were removed and the sections were drained of excess conjugate; they were washed by inverting the slides in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) twice for 30 min each time. The sections were then mounted in buffered glycerol and examined with a Leitz fluorescent microscope. The microscope was equipped with an HB-250 mercury vapor lamp, BG-12 exciter filter, and 525 barrier filter.
Optical Imaging and Navigation Technologies
William Y. Song, Kari Tanderup, Bradley R. Pieters in Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy, 2017
Fluorescence imaging of exogenous contrast agents uses near-infrared light for deeper tissue penetration, separation from autofluorescence, and simultaneous imaging and overlay of the fluorescence image on white light images of the surgical field using a second camera and spectrally separating optics. Currently, the only approved fluorescent agents are indocyanine green (ICG), ALA, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and methylene blue, which has slowed the progress in developing new clinical applications of fluorescence imaging. ICG is used primarily in mapping vascular structures and lymphatic mapping (Troyan et al., 2009; Crane et al., 2011), where, after direction injection into the tumor, real-time fluorescence imaging maps the kinetics of the ICG as it travels through the lymphatic structure.
Routine and Special Techniques in Toxicologic Pathology
Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard in Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Traditional fluorochromes that are commonly used include fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, green color), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, blue color, binds to DNA in nuclei), and Texas Red (red color). Today, there are hundreds of fluorochromes available with various excitation peak and emission wavelengths. Desirable features of fluorochromes include a large extinction coefficient (likelihood of absorption of the excitation light), high quantum yield (ratio of light emitted to light absorbed, higher = brighter fluorescence), narrow emission spectrum (to minimize overlapping emissions when using multiple fluorochromes in a specimen), and good resistance to photobleaching (the irreversible decomposition of the fluorochrome by light excitation). Newer fluorochromes that possess more of these desirable features include cyanine dyes, Alexa Fluor dyes, DyLight fluorescent dyes, and Oyster fluorescent dyes.
Research progress of novel inorganic nanometre materials carriers in nanomedicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Jiasheng Xu, Kaili Liao, Huixia Jiang, Weimin Zhou
In 2015, Li et al. [52] synthesized a fluorescence-labelled hydroxyapatite nanoparticle LA-BSA-CBA-MHAPNs. Among them, fluorescein isothiocyanate is used as a fluorescent marker for fluorescence imaging. As shown in Figure 13, lactose-linked bovine serum albumin (LA-BSA) acts as a cap and CBA acts as a linker. When the pH was 7.4, the release rate of the drug was low. When the pH was around 5.0, the release of the mesopores of the carrier was opened with the breaking of the cyclic ester bond between LA-BSA and MHAPNs, and the drug release rate was significantly increased. Therefore, the excellent performance of the pH response enhances the enrichment of nanomedicines at the site of the lesion, and the material releases anticancer drugs through acid explanation, effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and promotes the apoptosis of cancer cells.
Silk fibroin nanoparticles for enhanced bio-macromolecule delivery to the retina
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Pianpian Yang, Yixuan Dong, Di Huang, Chune Zhu, Hu Liu, Xin Pan, Chuanbin Wu
In order to improve the drug bioavailability and to extend retention in the eye following intravitreal injection, SFNs encapsulating macromolecular proteins were investigated in this study. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) was extracted from cocoon after dissolving in Ajisawa’s reagent and SFNs were prepared using a desolvation method. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was chosen as a bio-macromolecular model drug due to the similar molecular weight with that of antibody therapeutics used for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was conjugated to BSA for quantitative analysis and visualization as previously reported (Koppolu et al. 2014; Chen et al. 2015). In vitro physicochemical properties of FITC-BSA loaded SFNs (FITC-BSA-SFNs) were evaluated and their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and retention were determined using a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19). Furthermore, in vivo distribution and safety of intravitreally administered FITC-BSA-SFNs were investigated in New Zealand white rabbits.
Delivery of radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide via sucrose acetate isobutyrate-based in situ forming systems alone or combined with its mono-PEGylation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2018
LiNa Wang, Xiao Zheng, Fei Wu, Lan Shen, Xiao Lin, Yi Feng
ROP was prepared according to a previously reported method (Xu et al., 2005). Linear amino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG-NH2) hydrochloride, with a MW of ∼20, ∼30 or ∼40 kDa, was purchased from Jenkem Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, PR China). SAIB was purchased from Jiangxi Tianyi Fragrance Flavors Co., Ltd. (Jiangxi, China). PLA with a MW of ∼10 kDa and free carboxylic acids at the ends of the polymeric backbone chain as well as poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (PLGA) with molar lactide to glycolide ratio being 50/50 and a MW of ∼10, ∼30, ∼40, or ∼50 kDa, and free carboxylic acids at the ends of the polymeric backbone chain, were purchased from Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). Extra dry dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Ethanol, BB and TA were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Ltd (Shanghai, China). All the other chemicals were of reagent grade and purchased from commercial sources.
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